The theory of integer λ-labellings of a graph, introduced by Griggs and Yeh, seeks to model efficient channel assignments for a network of transmitters. To prevent interference, labels for nearby vertices must be separated by specified amounts ki depending on the distance i, 1 ≤ i ≤ p. Here we expand the model to allow real number labels and separations. The main finding (“D-set Theorem”) is th...

OBJECTIVES Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are often associated with other immune-mediated diseases or malignancy. Some studies have reported a high frequency of celiac disease in IIM. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease, systemic inflammatory diseases, and malignancy in a cohort of IIM patients, and estimate the incidence of IIM in the county of Ö...

As it descends into the Earth’s mantle, olivine that constitutes lithosphere of subducting slabs transforms to its high-pressure polymorphs, wadsleyite and ringwoodite, in so-called transition zone. These transformations have important rheological consequences, since they may induce weakening, strain localization, and, some cases, earthquakes. In this study, germanium (Ge-olivine) was used as a...

This report assesses the effects of aircraft on climate and atmospheric ozone and is the first IPCC report for a specific industrial subsector. It was prepared by IPCC in collaboration with the Scientific Assessment Panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, in response to a request by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) because of the potential ...

The mechanical properties of quartz are fundamental to control the plastic behaviour continental crust. Our understanding rheology is still limited in following respects: i) large variability flow law parameters earlier literature (stress exponent n = 4 ≤ 2 and activation energy Q 120 242 kJ/mol), ii) difficulty identify rate-limiting deformation mechanism, if several mechanisms operating simul...

Table 1. Percentage of larvae surviving on cabbage cultivar Round Up and diamondback moth-resistant glossy-leafed cabbage NY 2518, and relative resistance of NY 2518 (survival on NY 2518 expressed as a percentage of that on ‘Round Up’) at five plant ages and two inoculation schemes. Knowledge of age-dependent expression of resistance is critical for evaluation of breeding lines and for effectiv...