BACKGROUND AND AIMS The charophyte green algae (CGA) are thought to be the closest living relatives to the land plants, and ancestral CGA were unique in giving rise to the land plant lineage. The cell wall has been suggested to be a defining structure that enabled the green algal ancestor to colonize land. These cell walls provide support and protection, are a source of signalling molecules, an...

In order to reduce building energy consumption and make wall insulation materials meet fire protection requirements, the authors put forward a kind of saving model exterior under green nanomaterials. Mainly using PBECA calculation software. By setting up multi-component, multi-material method. The aggregate in light device modified by nanomaterials is simulated analyzed, agent area compared. ef...

The first step in sexual differentiation of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the formation of gametes. Three genes, GAS28, GAS30, and GAS31, encoding Hyp-rich glycoproteins that presumably are cell wall constituents, are expressed in the late phase of gametogenesis. These genes, in addition, are activated by zygote formation and cell wall removal and by the application of...

Cortical microtubules participate in the deposition of patterned secondary walls in tracheary element differentiation. In this study, we established a system to induce the differentiation of tracheary elements using a transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell suspension stably expressing a green fluorescent protein-tubulin fusion protein. Approximately 30% of the cells differentiated i...

The apical wall of growing pollen tubes must be strong enough to withstand the internal turgor pressure, but plastic enough to allow the incorporation of new membrane and cell wall material to support polarized tip growth. These essential rheological properties appear to be controlled by pectins, which constitute the principal component of the apical cell wall. Pectins are secreted as methylest...

Left figure: Passive patient esophageal pressure (Pes) in cmH2O on x-axis versus tidal volume ml y-axis. Green dashed line represents the chest wall compliance Right same actively breathing support ventilation. compliance. Red shaded area is Campbell diagram representing inspiratory work of