Based on the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper adopts a time-varying difference-in-differences model as quasi-natural experiment empirically test impact and mechanism operation China–Europe Railway Express green total factor productivity. The empirical results show that can significantly improve urban In addition, heterogeneity manifests promotion ...

Although China has implemented numerous environmental governance polices to realize green development, no significant changes have been achieved in reality. To understand the underlying reasons, we relate development debt-driven model by local government. Using total debt data of prefecture-level cities from 2007 2013, analyze effects expansion through a two-way fixed effect model. Results impl...