Growing public concern over protecting our environment obligates chemists, including analytical chemists, to change chemical activity in such a way that it will be conducted in an environmentally friendly manner. The article provides an overview of green chemistry issues relating to sample preparation techniques, concentrating especially on the green advantages of so-called solventless sample p...

The objective of this project is to develop a process for the parallel production of ethanol and cellulose in a pulp mill, by applying a prehydrolysis step to softwood chips to extract hexose sugars for their subsequent fermentation in ethanol. Two kinds of pretreatments were compared, an acid hydrolysis and a two-step treatment composed of an autohydrolysis and a post-hydrolysis of the resulti...

Supramolecular chemistry deals with the association of several chemical species, in an organized way and according to well defined purposes. Based on a molecular engineering approach, supramolecular structures can be designed from pre-formed building blocks, providing a promising route from chemistry to molecular nanotechnology. New supramolecular systems have been assembled in our laboratory w...

Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols as synthetic intermediates play an important role in medicinal chemistry due to their remarkable biological and many pharmacological properties. Owing to the versatile biological activities, industrial and synthetic applications of these compounds, introduction of an alternative methodology is urgent in synthetic organic chemistry. Low yield and harsh reaction conditions ...

The introduction of the dimension of green chemistry into the assessment of analytical methods should be a natural development trend in chemistry and should coincide with its general policy. Some of the principles of green chemistry—such as prevention of waste generation; safer solvents and auxiliaries; design for energy efficiency; safer chemistry to minimize the potential of chemical accident...

The application of the microencapsulation technique in medicine and pharmacy has been extensively studied in recent years. The microencapsulation of small particles in polymeric, waxy or other kind of protective shells has become a well-established technology for coating and isolating various substances. The present paper presents the results obtained in a study concerning the influence of cros...

Out of 12 fungal strains, two fungal strains, namely Aspergillus flavus AT-2 and Aspergillus niger AT-3, were found to produce maximum cellulase production. The CMCase activities of A. flavus AT-2 and A. niger AT-3 under state solid fermentation (SSF) conditions were of 42.69 and 40.08%, respectively, which was higher than those obtained under submerged fermentation (SmF) conditions. A fungal i...

Concentrations of cellulose, lignin and nutrients in the stemwood of four clones of 7-year-old hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. x P. tremuloides Michx.) were studied on 50 permanent experimental plots established for the afforestation of abandoned agricultural lands in Estonia. Quantitative evaluation of hybrid aspen chemical components indicated a relatively high cellulose and low acid-insolub...