Changing physician behaviour has become an important focus of medicine over the past two decades. The rapid expansion of medical knowledge and concerns about quality of care, have led to the birth of both the practice guideline movement 5 and evidence based medicine. 7 More recently, medical informatics and patient participation in care have matured as distinct clinical and research entities. G...

Medical history in ancient Iran began with the immigration of Aryans to Iran about 30 centuries before Christ. Zoroastrians believed that the first physician was Thirta and the great physician in Zoroastrian era called Thraetoon was the inventor of medical science and the killer of the wicked soul. Followers of Zoroaster claimed that Ahoramazda created goodness and Ahriman managed to create pai...

Medical history in ancient Iran began with the immigration of Aryans to Iran about 30 centuries before Christ. Zoroastrians believed that the first physician was Thirta and the great physician in Zoroastrian era called Thraetoon was the inventor of medical science and the killer of the wicked soul. Followers of Zoroaster claimed that Ahoramazda created goodness and Ahriman managed to create pai...

Consolidation within the market for health insurance has generated significant concern that insurers are using monopsony power in a manner that is harmful to social welfare. This paper uses physician level survey data to ascertain if the ability of insurers to exercise monopsony power affects physician markets. Specifically, we look at the market for primary care physician services, and evaluat...

background: physicians in islamic countries believe that fasting in ramadan is equal to ingestion of thirty pills regularly ingested every year for clearing the blood and fortifying the tissues. the effects of islamic fasting on physiologic functions in normal conditions have been considered in different studies and different topics. this study was to determine the quantitative changes of hemog...

Depopulation of rural areas is a widespread phenomenon that has occurred in most industrialized countries, and has contributed significantly to a reduction in the productivity of agro-ecological resources. In this study, we identified the main trends in the dynamics of rural populations in the Central Pyrenees in the 20th C and early 21st C, and used density independent and density dependent mo...

Long ridiculed for their racial hybridity, India’s Anglo-Indians—a mixed race people—were called ‘Dingos’ and instructed rudely to “Go to Australia” after India won her Independence from the British in 1947. Although their first port of escape from India was Great Britain, thousands of Anglo-Indians left the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) in the second wave of migration, i....