it is conventional to say that islamic built environment is introversive. in urban and architectural studies, this term is made equal to a formal organization of voids and solids in which voids are surrounded by an impermeable mass, and then some theoretical reasoning is attached to this formal system. here we are dealing with the issue in an alternative way; instead of finding interpretations ...

music in iran has a long history. in the early islamic period, music was denounced. in the umayyad period, music still faced opposition from some jurisprudents and a group of muslims. but in the next century, due to positive attitude of governments as well as scientific attitudes of many scholars and scientists of that era, arts received public attention.  the design of women was carved on clay...

During the pandemic in early 2022, some Muslim congregants chose to close ranks while others kept their distance during prayers and non-ritual activities. Therefore, aim of this research is determine behavior patterns COVID-19 pandemic, specifically at Great Mosque Al-Ukhuwwah-Bandung West Java. The method used involves (1) mapping techniques observe congregants' behavior, (2) distributing ques...

the public bathhouses are included in buildings as public utilities that have been expanded throughout islamic realm by arising islamic religion that cleaning is the preamble for most of its rites. unfortunately, from the beginning of islamic period until 8th hegira century (15th ad century) no stable sample of public bathhouses remained in iran, but many public bathhouses have still remained f...

There is a serious lack of empirical studies on Islamic banking. This paper attempts to fill that gap to some extent. Using data for the 1990-98 period, several hypotheses and common perceptions about the practice of Islamic banking have been tested. The performance of Islamic banks has been evaluated using both trend and ratio analyses. For this purpose, some objective “benchmarks” for various...

Tokat, tarihte birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmış Anadolu’daki eski şehirlerden biridir. XI. asrın sonlarında Türk hâkimiyetine giren Tokat şehrinde Danişmentli, Selçuklu ve Osmanlı dönemlerinde cami, mescid, medrese, imaret, zâviye, han, hamam türbe gibi çok sayıda dinî, sosyal, ekonomik kültürel eserler vücuda getirilmiştir. Bu eserlerin getirilmesinde Tokat’ın doğu-batı, güney-kuzeye gide...