In the study of horizon thermodynamics and emergent gravity two natural expressions for energy, E = 2T S (equipartition energy) and E = T S (Noether energy) arise which differ by a factor 2. I clarify the role of these two expressions in different contexts and show how E = T S is also closely related to the Noether charge arising from the boundary term of the Einstein–Hilbert action.

Trade among Arab countries has been very weak despite previous efforts to engage into different forms of regional economic integration. Using the flexible framework provided by the Gravity Model, the paper gives an order of magnitude of the main factors often presented in explaining the weakness of inter-Arab Trade. The results of the model together with several indicators about export profiles...

in the present attempt, flow behavior and thermal convection of one type of nanofluids in a disc geometry was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (cfd). influence of gravity induced sedimentation also has been studied. the commercial software, fluent 6.2, has been employed to solve the governing equations. a user defined function was added to apply a uniform external magnetic field....

One of the most remarkable basis of the gravity data inversion is the recognition of sharp boundaries between an ore body and its host rocks during the interpretation step. Therefore, in this work, it is attempted to develop an inversion approach to determine a 3D density distribution that produces a given gravity anomaly. The subsurface model consists of a 3D rectangular prisms of known sizes ...

Gravity drainage is one of the important recovery mechanisms in fractured carbonate and conventional reservoirs. It occurs due to density difference between the gas in fracture and the oil in matrix as well as in conventional tilted reservoirs. Oil phase will form films which are produced under gravity forces (film flow). Many gas injection experiments have been done on laboratory scales with d...

We study nonrelativistic gravity using the Hamiltonian formalism. For the dynamics of general relativity (relativistic gravity) the formalism is well known and called the ADM formalism. We show that if the lapse function is constrained correctly, then nonrelativistic gravity is described by a consistent Hamiltonian system. Surprisingly, nonrelativistic gravity can have solutions identical to re...

the mapping of the crust-mantle boundary surface is an important geophysical task, which the method of seismic profiling has dealt with profitably. there are, however, areas where the crustal structure is not known up to the present, and where the moho has as yet not been determined by geophysical sounding. in such areas the isostatic theory may be applied to give a first estimate of the depths...