The aim of the present study was to compare the antiemetic effect of intravenous Granisetron, Ondansetron & Metoclopramide in a randomized blinded study for prophylaxis of post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. 60 patients (ASA I & II) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were randomly...

What should we expect from pilot studies, done in small series of patients? In the literature there are many examples of small studies with very promising results, that in subsequent larger or better controlled studies proved to be much less promising, or even disastrous. In some instances the initial favourable outcome was due to selection bias. In others the use of nonvalidated methods of mea...

Objectives: Intramuscular injections with hypertonic saline are frequently used as induction of experimental pain that mimics chronic muscle pain (myalgia). 5-HT, a neurotransmitter, participates in the pain mediation via the 5-HT3 receptor. Granisetron, a selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, has previously been reported to increase the pressure pain threshold (PPT) in healthy muscles and to re...

A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of five antiemetic agents in infusion samples: dexamethasone, ondansetron, granisetron, tropisetron, and azasetron. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) using acetonitrile-...

The influence of circulating serotonin (5-HT) on the effects of intra-articular administration of granisetron on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain was investigated in 11 patients with chronic polyarthritides. An analgesic effect superior to placebo has been shown previously. The change in TMJ movement pain intensity was negatively correlated to circulating 5-HT; that is, the higher the 5-HT be...

Protection of Ecuadorean industry, even after the tariff reform of 1990, has continued to be important for the nonbasic needs industries, which have a very low level participation in the Andean group (GRAN), but little protection has been provided for the basic needs industries, which have extensive participation in the Andean group. In light of these facts, this paper uses a macro neostructura...

Searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Pre-MEDLINE were searched from 1966 to October 1999 for articles published in the English language. References from retrieved articles were also manually searched. The search terms included 'nausea', 'vomiting', 'emesis', 'postoperative', 'surgery', 'ondansetron', 'granisetron', 'tropisetron', 'dolasetron', 'metoclopramide', 'droperidol', 'prochlorperazine', 'perp...

conclusions: the reduction of propofol injection pain was observed by using medications (in comparison with normal saline), but it was more significant in groups g and l. moreover, hypotension was higher in groups s and g and it was lessened in group p. patients and methods: this is an interventional study containing 336 patients underwent elective orthopedic surgeries in educational hospitals ...