Code-switching is a common practice among bilinguals that seems effortless. It indicates linguistic competence in both languages, as bilinguals are able to uphold grammatical rules for this bilingual language mode while fluently switching at various loci in a sentence (Poplack, 1980). However, perception studies on code-switched speech have generally found that perceiving lexical switches incur...

With the aim of storing learner corpora as well as information about the Basque language students who wrote the texts, two different but complementary databases were created: ERREUS and IRAKAZI. Linguistic and technical information (error description, error category, tools for detection/correction...) will be stored in ERREUS, while IRAKAZI will be filled in with psycholinguistic information (e...

‘Gradient grammar’ (Bresnan & Hay 2006) refers to statistical theories of language competence. A number of studies (Bod et al. 2003, Bresnan et al. 2005, Gries 2007, O’Connor et al. 2004, Snider & Zaenen 2006, Wasow & Arnold 2005, among others) have explored such probabilistic variation where speakers choose among grammatical options (dative and genitive alternations, complementizer optionality...

when studying russian morphology, one can distinguish two categories. these categories are “grammatical” and “lexico-grammatical”. grammatical categories can be specified through a series of grammatical features of words. considering different criteria, russian grammarians and linguists divide grammatical categories of their language into different types. in determining lexico-grammatical types...

The ultimate goal of translation teaching is to cultivate the students’ competence. Inspired by PACTE (PACTE, 2003) about definition competence, we further break down competences into five sub-competences with more explicit goals: lexical variety, grammatical correctness, stylistic appropriateness, fluency and coherence which vital for cultivation competence engineering students. Then, an exper...

Automatic classification of dialogues between clients and a service center needs a preliminary dialogue parameterization. Such a parameterization is usually faced with essential difficulties when we deal with politeness, competence, satisfaction, and other similar characteristics of clients. In the paper, we show how to avoid these difficulties using empirical formulae based on lexical-grammati...

In classic generative phonology, linguistic competence in the area of sound structure is modeled by a phonological grammar. The theory takes a grammatical form because it posits an inventory of categories (such as features, phonemes, syllables or feet) and a set of principles which specify the well-formed combinations of these categories. In any particular language, a particular set of principl...

The last few years have witnessed a rapid expansion of the World Wide Web, in particular concerning Web pages in other languages than English. This wealth of available multilingual information also led to a renewed interest in learning foreign languages. After a language student reaches a certain level of competence, the reading of written material in this language provides an excellent way of ...

We report the results of a study which tested receptive Italian grammatical competence and general cognitive abilities in bilingual Italian-Sardinian children and age-matched monolingual Italian children attending the first and second year of primary school in the Nuoro province of Sardinia, where Sardinian is still widely spoken. The results show that across age groups the performance of Sardi...

We may make an intuitive judgment that some linguistic expression is odd or deviant. But we cannot in general know, pretheoretically, whether this deviance is a matter of syntax, semantics, pragmatics, belief , memory limitations, style, etc. [Chomsky (1977:4)] 1 Introduction At least since the pioneering work of Chomsky and Miller (1963), it has been generally agreed within discussions of gram...