The objective of this study was to investigate the effects delayed increase in milk allowance and type gradual weaning program on feed intake, health, growth male Holstein calves. Using a 2 × factorial design, each calf randomly assigned 1 level treatments upon arrival rearing facility. Calves were either moderate (MM) or lower (LM) treatment. All calves received same from until d 12, increasin...

BACKGROUND Cardiac dysfunction is a common cause of weaning failure. Weaning shares some similarities with a cardiac stress test and may challenge active phases of the cardiac cycle-like ventricular contractility and relaxation. This study aimed at assessing systolic and diastolic function during the weaning process and scrutinizing their dynamics during weaning trials. METHODS Echocardiograp...

(Co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for body weights of a Romosinuano herd located in Sinú Valley, Cordoba, Colombia. Restricted maximum likelihood methods were used with a univariate animal model for birth weight, weaning weight (270 days), 16-month weight (480 days), weaning daily gain, and post-weaning daily gain. Models included random animal direct and maternal ge...

A recent international consensus conference1 published in 2007 proposed to categorize ventilated patients into 3 groups, based on the difficulty and duration of the weaning process: “simple weaning” (group 1) includes patients who succeed the first weaning trial and are extubated without difficulty, “difficult weaning” (group 2) includes patients who fail the first weaning trial and require up ...

• To review the frequency of weaning failure • To discuss the logic of weaning, ie, questions to ask when approaching the ventilated patient • To assess available predictors of weaning success and failure • To describe the techniques of weaning and the evidence supporting their use • To understand special considerations in weaning, eg, auto-positive end-expiratory pressure, imposed work of brea...

What is the impact of surprise and anticipated policy changes when agents form expectations using adaptive learning rather than rational expectations? We examine this issue using the standard stochastic real business cycle model with lump-sum taxes. Agents combine knowledge about future policy with econometric forecasts of future wages and interest rates. Both permanent and temporary policy cha...

This paper shows that in online auctions like eBay, if bidders can only place bids at random times, then many different equilibria arise besides truthful bidding, despite the option to leave proxy bids. These equilibria can involve gradual bidding, periods of inactivity, and waiting to start bidding towards the end of the auction bidding behaviors common on eBay. Bidders in such equilibria impl...

Materials and methods: In Experiment One, 17 sows received equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 600 IU) intramuscularly (IM) at weaning, then 5 mg pLH IM 80 hours later to induce ovulation. Time of ovulation was determined using transrectal real-time ultrasonography. In Experiment Two, 567 sows were assigned to five treatments: no hormone treatments, AI AM and PM day 5 after weaning; eCG at wean...

Weaning from mechanical ventilation involves the reduction or withdrawal of ventilatory support in proportion to the patient's ability to sustain spontaneous ventilation. Protocolized weaning has been shown to reduce weaning duration; however, its weakness lies in the reliance on human intervention. Automated weaning is theoretically superior to manual weaning because of its ability to rapidly ...

The importance of birth-to-weaning average daily gain as a determinant of weight at a final age and yield of marketable pork was investigated. Treatments were imposed to create variation in birth-to-weaning ADG independent of birth weight. Newborn pigs were cross-fostered to create litters of four through 14 pigs/litter. Creep feed was offered to pigs from 5 d of age or during last 2 d before w...