Six years after the Third Session of the Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) adopted strong implementation guidelines for the treaty’s Article 5.3, that article’s promise for protecting tobacco control policymaking from tobacco industry interference remains almost entirely unrealised. While some government agencies, mostly healthfocused, have inst...

The Italian National Centre for Information Technology in Public Administration (CNIPA) introduced the concept of Local Alliances for Innovation (ALI) as the tool for the inclusion of small municipalities in the spread of E-Government in Italy. Based on the CNIPA’s definition, the paper discusses the concept of ALI as an organizational model that can be resorted to in order to reduce the admini...

Information is the foundation of all governing. Information guides decisions and processes large and small—from matters of war and peace to garbage collection. The last decade has witnessed unprecedented attention to the machinery of information in government—often categorized as ‘‘electronic government.’’ Information and communication technologies have been touted as the cure for everything fr...

Under High Level Architecture (HLA), distributed simulation services are provided by middleware known as the Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI). Existing RTI implementations, despite being similar in function and performance, do not interoperate with one another as they each use a different proprietary wire protocol. Organisations must therefore agree to use the same RTI implementation when particip...

Global ozone depletion, like global warming, is a common problem in the atmospheric community, the concern of people all over the world and many governments. China always takes environmental protection seriously in the process of developing its economy. It makes environmental protection a fundamental policy, and promotes international cooperation as part of a sustained effort to protect the env...

purpose : cataract is one of the most common diseases of older ages and, at present, the leading cause of avoidable blindness in the world. along with the population growth, the rate of cataract surgeries is increasing in most countries worldwide. the number of cataract operations per million population per year is known as the cataract surgery rate (csr) and is one of the indicators introduced...

introduction: although hippocampus is the most famous brain area involved in temporal lobe epilepsy, hippocampal kindling (hk) develops very slowly. hence, rapid kindling is usually preferred to the traditional kindling and it is widely used. in this article we aimed at finding the optimal stimulus pattern, which yields the fastest hk rate. methods: stimulus patterns with different duration (2,...

BACKGROUND Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is targeted for global elimination. LF elimination programmes in different countries, including Egypt, are supported financially by national and international agencies. The national programme in Egypt is based on mass drug administration (MDA) of an annual dose of a combination of 2 drugs (DEC and albendazole) to all endemic villages. This study aimed primar...