we describe a simple model that fits well with iranian economy, and extends a methodology which chary at el. (2007) demonstrated. in addition to four traditional wedges, we introduce additional trade wedge. we then evaluate the contribution of these wedges to the fluctuations in iran during last three years. because of international sanction, trading cost increases, and firms have difficulty to...

A newly collected historical database for the Helsinki Stock Exchange (HSE) is used to analyse number and structure of listed equity securities. The analysis shows that from its establishment in October 1912 end 1981, a total 849 different stock series related issue rights have been on HSE. Of these, 206 are normal they represent 167 companies. two largest industries represented HSE during most...

Throughout their history, puts and calls [1] on common stock have been criticized as mere gambling opportunities. Recently, the creation of listed options on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and three regional exchanges in the United States, has given new respectability to options as investment vehicles. By year-end 1977, listed options to 217 common stocks were a...