background: the study was performed to investigate the effects of morphine dependency and morphine withdrawal on the reproductive system of adult male rat(wistar).  methods: 32 adult male rat divided into 5 groups. animals in the control group (n=8) received normal saline (1ml/kg) twice daily subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days. animals in dependent group (n=8) received morphine (10mg/ml/kg)...

objective: carthamus tinctorius l. (safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which had been classified as a fertility regulator in the traditional medicine. the purpose of this study was to investigate its possible effects on the ovarian histomorphology and the levels of female reproductive hormones in the mice. materials and methods: sixty adult female balb/c mice were selected and rand...

background: chemicals are among risk factors that can affect women's reproductive system. this study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with menstruation disturbances and hormonal changes among female workers. methods : female workers of a pharmaceutical company were divided into three groups of non-exposed, low-exposed and highly-e...

The volume is divided into two parts: (1) the place of mental hygiene in public health, including factors of responsibility, leadership, methods, organization, and services; and (2) the development of the individual, including factors of personality development, eugenics, and prenatal to so-called old age periods. There is a useful review of psychopathological states and of visual aids, with bo...

Plant hormones have been studied for more than a century because they have been heavily implicated in the control of plant growth and development. For many years, they have been considered to fall into five classes: auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid and ethylene. More recently, a variety of additional classes such as brassinosteroids have been added and it seems likely that more w...

As humans grow from children into adults, they pass through a stage called adolescence. Adolescence is time of major social, environmental, and biological change in person’s life. The start puberty, which often happens around the teenage years, an important period human physical emotional development. In addition to more obvious bodily changes that happen during this time, adolescent’s brain al...

background: one of the new methods for elimination or destruction of estrogen hormones is ultrasound irradiation. the aim of this study was to determine the main mechanism of steroid hormones removal by ultrasound. methods: in this study, estrogen (e1) and 17 beta-estradiol (e2) were irradiated with ultrasound at different frequencies, powers, and exposure times in two cases: with and without b...