• Enzymatic production of 3’SL directly in milk using Trypanosoma rangeli derived enzymes. Kinetics enzymatic conversion is the same as that aqueous systems. Determination activation energy ( E a ) for trans-sialylation reactions. Robustness 3’-SL at elevated temperatures (pasteurization) and freeze drying. Human oligosaccharides (HMOs) are lactose-based glycan molecules present human breast mi...

Clinical trials are reviewed, involving proteins and peptides derived from milk (predominantly bovine), with the exception of lactoferrin, which will be the subject of another article. The most explored milk fraction is α-lactalbumin (LA), which is often applied with glycomacropeptide (GMP) - a casein degradation product. These milk constituents are used in health-promoting infant and adult for...