frequent simulation and irritation of nmda receptors by glutamate mediators can lead to burning pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia, even after stopping the irritant factor. opioid-induced hyperalgesia and peripheral nerve injuries in lower extremities orthopedic surgeries can also make the same symptoms, which sometimes make it difficult to diagnose it from causalgia (type ii complex regional pai...

Excessive glutamate signaling can lead to excitotoxicity, a phenomenon whereby over-activation of glutamate receptors initiates neuronal death. In recent years, it has been shown that glutamate can be toxic to white-matter oligodendrocytes. Up to recently, the prevailing view was that oligodendrocyte excitotoxicity is mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) a...