The Leishmania parasite glycocalyx is rich in galactose-containing glycoconjugates that are synthesized by specific glycosyltransferases that use UDP-galactose as a glycosyl donor. UDP-galactose biosynthesis is thought to be predominantly a de novo process involving epimerization of the abundant nucleotide sugar UDP-glucose by the UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, although galactose salvage from the env...

The reactions of the Escherichia coli D-galactosebinding protein with the ligands D-galactose and Dglucose have been examined by stopped flow rapid mixing techniques. The change in tryptophan fluorescence that occurs with galactose binding is described by a rapid, second order process; no additional phases of fluorescence change were observed. The resultant time courses were fitted to a simple ...

The inhibition of growth in Bacteroides melaninogenicus by sugars in described. Monosaccharides such as D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, and D-fructose are inhibitory at low concentrations, whereas the disaccharides sucrose and lactose are not inhibitory even at high concentrations. The major inhibitory effect of the sugar is found during the transition of lag to logarithmic growth phases. Th...

13C metabolic flux analysis (13C MFA) is an important systems biology technique that has been used to investigate microbial metabolism for decades. The heterotrimer Snf1 kinase complex plays a key role in the preference Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits for glucose over galactose, a phenomenon known as glucose repression or carbon catabolite repression. The SIP1 gene, encoding a part of this co...

The capacity of intestinal lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) of piglets to hydrolyse lactose in vivo was investigated by measuring the response of blood galactose to doses of lactose, galactose plus glucose and both whole and skimmed milk. Following the administration of oral doses of lactose dissolved in water to piglets from 2 to 18 d of age the adjusted galactose area under the curve (AUC) was between 1...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of glucose, galactose and fructose on the LH-induced differentiation and mRNA expression of sugar transport facilitators (SLC2A) by sheep thecal cells derived from small antral follicles cultured under serum-free conditions for 6 days. The dose and type of monosaccharide had a significant effect on LH-induced androstenedione production...

Previous studies have indicated that blood glucose is the major precursor of both the glucose and galactose moieties of milk lactose. The Cl4 distribution patterns of the two moieties differ, however, and it appears that the glucose and the galactose moieties arise from the different precursors (l-4). It also has been suggested that the unsymmetrical distribution of Cl4 found in the galactose m...

In recent years there has been a proliferation of knowledge about normal and abnormal digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Many of these advances have been made since Anderson's comments about sugar intolerance in her review of intestinal malabsorption in childhood published in this journal in 1966, and since Holzel's review of the problem in 1967. This review is not intended as a compreh...

Galactose metabolism is essential for the survival of Trypanosoma brucei, the etiological agent of African sleeping sickness. T. brucei hexose transporters are unable to transport galactose, which is instead obtained through the epimerization of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose catalyzed by UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase (galE). Here, we have characterized the phenotype of a bloodstream form T. brucei ga...

The reversible transformation of galactose into glucose in biological systems is important both for the utilization of dietary galactose as fuel (via hexose 6-phosphate) and for the biosynthesis of complex galactose-containing compounds from glucose or acetate. The first step in the metabolism of galactose in both yeast and animal tissues is phosphorylation in the 1 position of the hexose to fo...