Wheat is an important source of proteins and metabolites for human and animal nutrition. To assess the nutritional quality of wheat products, various protein and diverse metabolites have to be evaluated. The grain storage protein family of the α-gliadins are suggested to be the primary initiator of the inflammatory response to gluten in Celiac disease patients. With the technique of RNAi, the α...

BACKGROUND Gluten proteins, prominent constituents of barley, wheat and rye, cause celiac disease in genetically predisposed subjects. Gluten is notoriously difficult to digest by mammalian proteolytic enzymes and the protease-resistant domains contain multiple immunogenic epitopes. The aim of this study was to identify novel sources of gluten-digesting microbial enzymes from the upper gastro-i...

The polypeptide subunits of wheat glutenin obtained after reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds have been separated into two fractions by a modified Osborne technique. Approximately 62% of the subunits by weight are soluble, as is gliadin, in neutral 70% ethanol; the ethanol-soluble subunits are mainly of 44,000 molecular weight (MW). The ethanol-insoluble glutenin subunit fraction is markedly ...

Two atypical patients with a multiple sclerosis (MS)-like illness and evidence of occult celiac disease (CD) were managed by the authors. This prompted screening of a further 49 unselected MS cases for serologic evidence of CD. IgA anti-endomysial antibody was found in one case (2%). IgG anti-gliadin antibody was found in 12% of patients and 13% of blood donors. Anti-gliadin antibody (especiall...

UNLABELLED Celiac disease (CD) is gluten induced enteropathy which requires jejunal biopsy for diagnosis. To select the patients for endoscopoic procedure some serologic tests are popular in clinical practice for screening of CD. Although gliadin is one of the key immuno activator of the disease; serological screening by immuno-detection of gliadin is not recommended. In this context we have de...

Jejunal biopsy specimens from patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) (obtained during gluten challenge) as well as from normal individuals and patients with other gastrointestinal abnormalities were cultured in vitro for 48 h in the presence or absence of a peptic-tryptic digest (P-T digest) of gliadin. In the absence of gliadin the alkaline phosphatase activity in the biopsy specimen...

AIMS To investigate the relation between psychological functioning of subjects with Down syndrome, and their levels of urine peptide and serum antibodies to food proteins. METHODS 55 children with Down syndrome in a cross-sectional study. Psychological functioning was measured by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition, McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and Fagan's compute...

In previous papers, a new technology that produces biopolymer composites by particle-bonding was introduced. During the manufacturing process, micrometer-scale raw material was coated with a corn (Zea mays L.) protein, zein, which was then processed to form a rigid material. The coating of rawmaterial particles with zein makes use of the unique property of this protein in aqueous ethanol soluti...

BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger prolyl endoprotease (AN-PEP) efficiently degrades gluten molecules into non-immunogenic peptides in vitro. AIM To assess the efficacy of AN-PEP on gluten degradation in a low and high calorie meal in healthy subjects. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study 12 healthy volunteers attended to four test days. A liquid low or h...

Celiac disease (CD) is a frequent inflammatory intestinal disease, with a genetic background, caused by gliadin-containing food. Undigested gliadin peptides P31-43 and P57-68 induce innate and adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses, respectively. Alterations in the cell shape and actin cytoskeleton are present in celiac enterocytes, and gliadin peptides induce actin rearrangements in both th...