run through some fertile valleys lying between the various mountain chains. In one of these valleys is situated the town of Muscat. The eastern half of the northern side is exposed to the sea, while the western half, east and south-east are closed up by the hills. The whole is enclosed by a high wall, with bastions on the west and south. Its breadth from north to south is about 800 feet, and it...

Turner, J.S. and P.G. Krannitz. 2000. Tree encroachment in the south Okanagan and lower Similkameen valleys of British Columbia. In Proceedings, From science to management and back: a science forum for southern interior ecosystems of British Columbia. C. Hollstedt, K. Sutherland, and T. Innes (editors). Southern Interior Forest Extension and Research Partnership, Kamloops, B.C., pp. 81–3. Tree ...

Sandpiles have become paradigmatic systems for granular flow studies in statistical physics. New directions of investigations are discussed here. Rather than varying the nature of the pile (sand, salt, rice,..) we have investigated changes in the boundary conditions. We have investigated experimentally and numerically sandpile structures on bases having a fractal perimeter. This type of perimet...

This paper presents a new frequency-domain adaptive postfilter for enhancement of noisy speech. The postfilter suppresses the noise in spectral valleys and allows more noise in the formant regions where i t is masked by the speech signal. First, we perform an LPC analysis of the noisy speech and calculate its log magnitude spectrum. After identifying the formants and spectral valleys, the log m...

[1] The availability of high resolution topography from LIDAR offers new opportunities for objectively extracting the channels directly from a DEM using local topographic information, instead of inferring them indirectly based on global criteria, such as area or area-slope threshold relationships. Here we introduce the use of wavelet filtering to delineate threshold curvatures for defining vall...

Strain changes the band structure of semiconductors. We use x-ray absorption spectroscopy to study the change in the density of conduction band (CB) states when silicon is uniaxially strained along the [1 0 0] and [1 1 0] directions. High stress can be applied to silicon nanomembranes, because their thinness allows high levels of strain without fracture. Strain-induced changes in both the sixfo...

Recent advances in development of multi-core processor architectures and three-dimensional (3D) integration supported by continuous semiconductor device scaling continued to boost the performance of modern computers. However, in order to proceed with the performance enhancement beyond 3D integration completely new innovative approaches are mandatory. The electron spin attracts a significant att...

The carbon isotope of a leaf (δCleaf) is generally more negative in riparian zones than in areas with low soil moisture content or rainfall input. In Central Amazonia, the small-scale topography is composed of plateaus and valleys, with plateaus generally having a lower soil moisture status than the valley edges in the dry season. Yet in the dry season, the nocturnal accumulation of CO2 is high...

Curve estimation from observed noisy data has broad applications. In certain applications, the underlying regression curve may have singularities, including jumps and roofs/valleys (i.e., jumps in the first order derivative of the regression curve), at some unknown positions, representing structural changes of the related process. Detection of such singularities is important for understanding t...

Valley networks observed on the martian surface are found mostly on Noachian-aged highlands units, but a few occur on younger volcanic edifices. Enigmatically, they do not occur on all younger volcanoes of similar age or location. Using new data, we reanalyze the radially arrayed valleys on the flanks of Hecates Tholus, a Hesperian-aged shield volcano, and test the hypothesis that these valleys...