Vaginal pH measurement is a screening method of vaginal infection in pregnancy. We tested two different methods of pH determination. In freshly taken vaginal fluid measurements were carried out with special pH indicator strips and pH micro glass electrode. About 100 microliters of vaginal fluid is enough when pH indicator strips are used, and 200 microliters when the micro electrode is used. Th...

Silicon and graphene are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacity; however, low volumetric energy density, poor efficiency and instability in high loading electrodes limit their practical application. Here we report a large area (approximately 15 cm × 2.5 cm) self-standing anode material consisting of molecular precursor-derived silicon oxyc...

To record extracellular nerve activity, wires or polyethylene suction electrodes are commonly used, which are modified according to particular experimental requirements. For electrophysiological studies in a dissected animal, a length of the nerve under investigation may be lifted on to silver wires (Pearon, Stein & Malhotra, 1972), or a fine wire hook (Wilkens & Wolf, 1974), often under minera...

We have carried out investigations geared toward the fundamental understanding of the transport behavior in planar microfluidic membraneless fuel cells with the intent of locally enhancing mass transport, while maintaining laminar flow between fuel and oxidant streams. In order to accomplish this, we have employed staggered herringbone micromixers which were generated using microfabrication tec...

The comb-shaped surface electrode has been designed to measure the signal from the tissue cultured with electric stimulation. The pattern of the thin film of the surface electrode was made of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on the glass by the photolithography technique. C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) was cultured for 13 days on the patterned scaffold. The electric pulses (period 1 s, amplitude...