The radiation risk in mammography is traditionally evaluated using the average glandular dose. This quantity for the average breast has proven to be useful for population statistics and to compare exposure techniques and systems. However it is not indicating the individual radiation risk based on the individual glandular amount and distribution. Simulations of exposures were performed for six a...

Earlier workers have used only light microscopy for hair studies, but advent of SEM has made possible analysis of hairs for ultra-structural details. Mammal hairs have been examined under SEM by other workers (Hausman, 1920; 1924; Short, 1978; Riggott and Wyatt, 1980) abroad. In India, few studies are available on SEM of hairs of mammals. Kopikar and Sabnis (1976, 1977) have done some work on s...

The endoplasmic reticulum of Saprolegnia, Dictyuchus, Synura and Cryptomonas may contain tubules less than 20 nm in diameter. In Saprolegnia these tubules have a maximum length of 1-6/tin, a wall of a single layer of colchicine-resistant, osmiophilic subunits, and a tapering end-piece. Flimmer hairs (flagellar hairs) are morphologically similar and are attached to the flagellum sheath by a tape...

A micropotometric device previously described by the writer was used to determine quantitatively the velocity of water influx in cubic microns per square micron of hair surface per minute of comparatively older and younger root hairs of radish seedlings in a humid atmosphere at 29 degrees +/- 1 degrees C. when the micropotometers were filled with Hoagland solution at pH 6.8. In each experiment,...

Head hairs from a 19-year-old female murder victim, who had been buried for 36 years, were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmitted light microscopy. The hairs exhibited a range of biodeterioration artifacts. In some areas on the hairs, the cuticular scales were intact; in others, scales had become loosened; and in yet other areas, scales had been completely lost, exposing...

The evolutionarily conserved frizzled/starry night ( fz/stan) pathway regulates planar cell polarity (PCP) in vertebrates and invertebrates. This pathway has been extensively studied in the Drosophila wing, where it is manifested by an array of distally pointing cuticular hairs. Using in vivo imaging we found that, early in hair growth, cells have multiple actin bundles and hairs that subsequen...

conclusion by comparing the results, we saw that w/rh anode/filter combination is the best choice in breast mammography imaging because of the lowest delivered dose in comparison with w/ag and rh/al. moreover, breast thickness and g value have significant effects on mgd. objectives the aim of this study was to determine the average absorbed dose of x-ray radiation in the glandular tissue of the...

Spiders can sense sounds in a frequency range between approximately 40 and 600 Hz by the use of hairs; they can detect e.g. the puff of wind of buzzing flies. On the contrary, scorpions use hairs as tactile sensors for obstacle avoidance. To integrate the advantages of both types of sensoric hairs, this article presents an artificial auditory-tactile sensor system, which combines the principles...