A lcohol use is associated with tremendous costs to the drinker, those around him or her, and society as a whole. These costs result from the increased health risks (both physical and mental) associated with alcohol consumption as well as from the social harms caused by alcohol. This issue of Alcohol Research: Current Reviews examines the public health impact of alcohol consumption, looking at ...

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has shown that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke. However, it is not clear about the potential mechanisms through which cigarette smoking affects stroke risk. In the study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of extracranial (ECAS) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). ...

OBJECTIVES We evaluated long-term quality of life of patients successfully treated with either laser-assisted microsurgery alone or combined with adjuvant radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 53 patients who were treated by laser surgery and 16 patients who were treated by laser surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy. Quality of life was evaluated...

BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol use accounted for an estimated average of 23,000 deaths and 633,000 years of potential life lost (YPLL) among women and girls in the United States each year during 2001-2005. Binge drinking accounted for more than half of those deaths and YPLL. Binge drinking also is a risk factor for many health and social problems among women and girls, including unintended and al...

This report includes trends in reported cases of AIDS; trends in prevalence and incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) infection; status of HIV-1 antibody surveys; data on HIV-2; and a comparison of AIDS mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) with other major diseases. By March 14, 1988, a total of 56,212 cases of AIDS had been reported in the US; nearly 10,000 of ...

There is limited research about head injury. In this existing data study, 2443 admission records of 28367 patients that confer to Loghman Medical Center from 1986-1991 were analyzed. Several factors including age, sex, type and cause of injury, mortality and morbidity were investigated. Overall, the most common age group were 20-40 years, but the most common age group in female patients were 3-...

The User Requirements Notation (URN), standardized by the International Telecommunication Union in 2008, is used to model and analyze requirements with goals and scenarios. This paper describes the first ten years of development of URN, and discusses ongoing efforts targeting the next ten years. We did a study inspired by the systematic literature review approach, querying five major search eng...

Angaran: We have two main goals in this panel discussion. First, to describe the current status of the health care delivery environment, the medication use system, and the pharmacy profession. And second, to discuss the specific challenges and opportunities for pharmacy over the next 5–10 years. Our hope is that you identify at least one specific action that you can apply that will catalyze cha...

For eleven years I have led teams, designed solutions, migrated data, developed, documented, tested and deployed Telecommunication, Insurance and Financial applications on Unix and Microsoft platforms in Java, C, C++ and other languages. I am recognized as a problem solver. My ability to quickly pick up new technologies and identify the needs of projects is always an advantage. Managers make in...

The chain ladder (volume-weighted average development factor) is perhaps the most widely used of the link ratio (age-to-age development factor) techniques, being popular among actuaries in many countries. The chain ladder technique has a number of interesting properties. We present one such property, which indicates that the chain ladder doesn’t distinguish between accident years and developmen...