This case study describes a pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding who had a bedside endovaginal ultrasound in the emergency department (ED). The emergency physician identified a live intra-uterine pregnancy (IUP) with another structure that appeared to be a second gestational sac. The patient subsequently had an endovaginal ultrasound in the radiology department 46 minutes later. The attending...

A broad ligament pregnancy is an extremely rare condition. Diagnosis is often missed and finally made during laparotomy. We present a case which remained undiagnosed throughout her pregnancy till she reached term and unfortunately had intrauterine foetal demise when she reported to our hospital. On clinical suspicion, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation was done which picked up...

One is reminded in this paper of the often overlooked fact that the geometric straight line, or GSL, of Euclidean geometry is not necessarily identical with its usual Cartesian coordinatisation given by the real numbers in R. Indeed, the GSL is an abstract idea, while the Cartesian, or for that matter, any other specific coordinatisation of it is but one of the possible mathematical models chos...

Primary ovarian ectopic pregnancy, i.e., the implantation of the gestational sac in the ovary, is one of the rarest forms of ectopic pregnancy. Its incidence after natural conception ranges from 1 in 2000 to 1 in 60 000 deliveries and accounts for 3% of all ectopic pregnancies. The diagnosis is intricate and based on surgical and histopathological observations. The management is, in spite of m...

Objective To examine the therapeutic outcomes of methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of unruptured interstitial pregnancy. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with interstitial pregnancy and received MTX as first-line treatment between January 2003 and July 2014 at CHA Gangnam Medical Center. The treatment success rates and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were...

Ascertaining pregnancy location is the key determinant for streamlining management for patients presenting with abdominal pain or bleeding in early pregnancy. However sometimes in spite of all efforts finding the location of gestation sac is difficult and such cases have been classified categorised as Pregnancy of Unknown Location (PUL). The lack of well accepted consensus for diagnostic criter...

OBJECTIVES The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) discriminatory level-the maternal serum β-hCG level above which a gestational sac should be consistently visible on sonography in a normal pregnancy--has been reported to be 1000 to 2000 mIU/mL for transvaginal sonography. We assessed whether a woman with a β-hCG above 2000 mIU/mL and no intrauterine fluid collection on transvaginal sonography c...

The morphology of fertilization events has been related to successful implantation by subjective criteria (pronuclei score, pronuclei symmetry and position). This work first described these events by time-lapse technology and then compared the timings of fertilization events (second polar body extrusion, first and second pronuclei appearance, abuttal and fading) in implanted versus nonimplanted...

In order to examine if the transfer of more than three embryos has any beneficial effect on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in women aged > 40 years, a retrospective analysis was made of all the ICSI cycles which were performed in this age group from 1 October 1991 to 31 December 1995. A total of 525 cycles was performed in 321 patients. In 413 cycles, at least one...

Ascertaining pregnancy location is the key determinant for streamlining management for patients presenting with abdominal pain or bleeding in early pregnancy. However sometimes in spite of all efforts finding the location of gestation sac is difficult and such cases have been classified categorised as Pregnancy of Unknown Location (PUL). The lack of well accepted consensus for diagnostic criter...