Classical molecular dynamics (MD) has been widely used to study atomistic mechanisms and emergent behavior in materials at length time scales beyond the capabilities of first-principles approaches. The success classical MD simulations relies on ability interatomic potentials accurately map complex many-body interacting systems electrons nuclei into effective few-body atoms. In practice, develop...

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal monochalcogenides have been recently predicted to be potential photo(electro)catalysts for water splitting and photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions. Differently from the most established InSe, GaSe, GeSe, many other monochalcogenides, bulk GaS has a large band gap of ca. 2.5 eV, which increases up more than 3.0 eV with decreasing its thickness due quantum c...

In particular, chalcogenide glasses and glass-ceramics are new materials that exhibit good transparency in infrared region (0.8-12µm). We can overcome the main weakness of these glasses by improving the hardness through controlling crystallization. In this paper, we report results of a study on chalcogenide glasses in the ternary system of As-Se-Ge with nominal composition of Snx (Se...

Multiple two-dimensional materials are being na\"{\i}vely termed stable on the grounds of displaying phonon dispersions with no negative frequencies and not collapsing molecular dynamics calculations at fixed volume. But, if these phases do possess smallest possible structural energy, how does one understand establish their actual meta stability? To answer this question, twelve group-IV monocha...

Based on 65 free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus) of known age and 25 of estimated age examined during summers of 1970–2004 in northeastern Minnesota, body mass of both males and females peaked at 5 or 6 years of age, with mean masses of 40.8 kg and 31.2 kg, respectively. Testis size varied as a function of age and month through at least 8 years of age, with length plus width ranging from 1.9 ...