Testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) are the commonest solid tumors in young men. Typical presentation is with painless scrotal swelling; however, symptoms related to complications or metastasis may be the initial presentation. Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis is seen in about 5% of patients with germ cell tumors and presentation is commonly with GI bleed. It is important to have GCT as a differen...

Purpose: Estrogen exposure has been linked to a risk for the development of testicular germ cell cancers. The effects of estrogen are now known to be mediated by estrogen receptor (ER)and receptor subtypes, but only ERhas been found in human normal testis. The goal of the present study was to compare the localization and expression levels of these ER subtypes in testicular germ cell cancers (se...

Synchronous primary intracranial germ cell tumors are rare. Only 5-10% of all germ cell tumors are found as synchronous lesion in pineal and suprasellar region. They are also known by the entity "double mid-line atypical teratoma". An 11-year-old male child presented with polyuria, polydipsia and features of raised intracranial tension. CT scan head revealed well-defined homogenously enhancing ...

The rare 'burned out' phenomenon in germ cell tumors is known as the presence of an extragonadal germ cell tumor without traces of neoplasm in the testis. This condition is different and less common from the primary extragonadal germ cell malignancies. These malignancies are treated surgically with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy and their prognosis is better than that of other...

We have developed a reverse transcription-PCR method that clearly distinguishes between the RNA transcripts of all four alkaline phosphatase (AP) genes. If compared to the methods used up to the present, the main advantages of the reverse transcription-PCR method presented are its specificity and high sensitivity. The germ cell AP and the placental AP, which are the two most closely related AP ...

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most frequent solid malignant tumors in men 20-40 years of age and the most frequent cause of death from solid tumors in this age group. TGCTs comprise two major histologic groups: seminomas and non-seminomas germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). NSGCTs can be further divided into embryonal carcinoma, Teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and choriocarcinoma. Seminomas and ...

Germ cell tumors usually occur in the gonads. Extragonadal germ (EGCTs) are uncommon, and head neck region is a rare primary location. In this region, endodermal sinus relatively uncommon; they typically recorded alongside teratomas infrequently by themselves. When an tumor arises neck, it can present with unique clinical radiographic features be challenging to diagnose manage. We report peculi...

PURPOSE OCT4 (POU5F1, OCT3) immunostaining highlights pluripotent cells (embryonal carcinoma and seminoma) in primary testicular germ cell tumors, but its relative usefulness in diagnosing intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified (IGCNU) is not well established. The present study aimed to establish OCT4 as a sensitive and specific maker for IGCNU, a putative precursor for adult germ cell ...