Introduction: Lobate debris aprons (LDA) (Fig. 1) surround steep escarpments such as the walls of isolated plateaus and massifs in the northern and southern mid-latitudes (~30 to 50) on Mars and are Middle to Late Amazonian in age [1]. Much evidence supports the formation of these features by flow of ice and debris in a manner similar to glacial systems on Earth [1-9]. Additional evidence has...

The mechanisms by which lithology modulates geomorphic processes are poorly known. In the Oregon Coast Range (OCR), rhythmically bedded sandstones of the Eocene Tyee Formation underlie steep, soil-mantled hillslopes, with relatively uniform ridge-valley spacing. These characteristic landforms are perturbed where diagenetic variations manifest as resistant cliffs. Here we use petrology, rock mec...

A field study conducted through a series of four field campaigns between 2005 and 2007 investigated the potential for dust emissions around the Salton Sea in California, USA. This paper explores the landform related controls on fugitive PM10 dust emissions from soil surfaces surrounding the Salton Sea by measuring soil properties combined with estimating the in situ PM10 dust emissions using a ...

Express. These orbiters are surveying the entire Martian surface to understand the planet’s past and the geological, climatic, and other processes responsible for its present state. They gather ever-increasing amounts of spatially extended data. Science data archived from all planetary missions prior to the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission totals approximately 5 terabytes. NASA expects that number to ...

The understanding of geomorphic processes and knowledge of past events are important tasks for the assessment of natural hazards. Tree rings have on varied occasions proved to be a reliable tool for the acquisition of data on past events. In this review paper, we provide an overview on the use of tree rings in natural hazards research, starting with a description of the different types of distu...

Many studies of Earth surface processes and landscape evolution rely on having accurate extensive data sets surficial geologic units landforms. Automated extraction geomorphic features using deep learning provides an objective way to consistently map landforms over large spatial extents. However, there is no consensus the optimal input feature space for such analyses. We explore impact extracti...

The fact that bacteria have different shapes is not surprising; after all, we teach the concept early and often and use it in identification and classification. However, why bacteria should have a particular shape is a question that receives much less attention. The answer is that morphology is just another way microorganisms cope with their environment, another tool for gaining a competitive a...

It has been proposed that ~3.4 billion years ago an ocean fed by enormous catastrophic floods covered most of the Martian northern lowlands. However, a persistent problem with this hypothesis is the lack of definitive paleoshoreline features. Here, based on geomorphic and thermal image mapping in the circum-Chryse and northwestern Arabia Terra regions of the northern plains, in combination with...