Abstract In this article, we reconceptualize, using an extended discrete and dynamic Ostrom's classification, the specific intellectual property (IP) regimes that support geographical indications (GIs) as ‘knowledge commons’, e.g. a set of shared collective knowledge resources constituting complex ecosystem created by group people has remained subject to social dilemma. Geographical names are u...

Geographical indications (GIs) represent the main legal framework for protecting tie between site-specific food products and their places of production. Climate change recently emerged as a major challenge to framework, uncovering its inaptitude account shifting product identities. Scholarly studies have so far debated ecological, cultural, economic issues that climate poses GIs. But, they over...

lamellar keratoplasty (lk) has been a well established technique of corneal transplantation. recent improvements in surgical instruments have revolutionized the procedure introducing a new technique employing deeper corneal dissection. this review article describes the indications, techniques, outcomes and complications of deep anterior lk.

Continued on page 18 T issue of the extension to other products of the additional protection provided under the TRIPs Agreement for geographical indications (GIs) for wines and spirits has for some time been one of the most passionately debated topics in the WTO. Its characterization in the Doha Development Agenda Declaration as an ‘outstanding implementation issue’ necessitates a balanced asse...