Since the current EGR has a problem, it makes local decision during route discovery process to choose next neighbour node that highest residual energy. This could be worst case scenario if there is no way stop and intermediate lower energy than alternate path. To solve this issue, we suggested Enhanced Energy Aware Geographic Routing (EEGR) protocol. In EEGR, use modified transmission strategy ...

Address Fragmentation plays a key role in the exponential growth of DFZ routing table, known as the scalability problem of current Internet. In this paper, we measure the severity of address fragmentation, and try to figure out the relationship between Prefix-Distance and Network-Distance of current Internet by taking Geographic-Distance as an approximation of NetworkDistance. We focus our meas...

Routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks can be classified into two categories: topological routing and geographic routing. However, most of the existing protocols use only one routing strategy for different types of networks. Routing protocols that give good performance for sparse networks may not perform well in dense networks. Routing protocols that are suitable for small networks may no...

An unmanned aerial ad hoc network (UAANET) is a special type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). For these networks, researchers rely mostly on simulations to evaluate their proposed networking protocols. Hence, it is of great importance that the simulation environment of a UAANET replicates as much as possible the reality of UAVs. One major component of that environment is the movement pattern o...

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are very considered attractive for many applications. Routing protocol is considered as the most important element of MANET. However, media streaming over MANET is a quite demanding task. In this paper the performances of MANET routing protocols have been investigated for video applications. Some popular routing protocols namely Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad h...

Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) is gaining popularity among researchers due to its peculiar features. But there are so many challenges in the design of UWSN system, and these quite unsustainable dynamic nature water waves. Perhaps most tedious challenge for UWSNs how transfer data at destination with a minimal energy rate. It can be accomplished by exploiting geographic opportunistic routing s...