Geographic modeling of individual exposures using air pollution modeling techniques can help in both the design of environmental epidemiologic studies and in the assignment of measures that delineate regions that receive the highest exposure in space and time. Geographic modeling can help in the interpretation of environmental sampling data associated with airborne concentration or deposition, ...

Intelligent and efficient information retrieval becomes increasingly important. Analogous to thesauri in the realm of spatial concepts, gazetteers offer a controlled vocabulary that can be used for spatial queries. Gazetteers use geographic footprints to link place names to geographic locations. Which geographic footprint representation is chosen has a strong impact on the quality of spatial qu...

datum Basis for measurement of position on the Earth’s surface. discrete object view Conceptualization of geographic phenomena as analogous to a tabletop littered with countable, possibly movable objects. ecological fallacy The fallacy of making inferences about individuals from aggregated data. field view Conceptualization of geographic phenomena as a set of functions over geographic space. ge...

Multimedia delivery systems, such as Content Distribution Networks (CDNs), improve by knowing the geographic location of their clients. Therefore, we focus on a measurement-based geographic location service of Internet hosts. Such a service infers host locations from delay measurements taken from probe machines toward landmarks, which are hosts with a known geographic location, and the host to ...

We present geographical secure path routing, an infrastructure free geographic routing protocol, that is resilient to disruptions caused by malicious or faulty nodes. Geographic locations of anonymous nodes are authenticated in order to provide location authentication and location privacy simultaneously. Our protocol also authenticates the routing paths taken by individual messages. This provid...

DEFINITION: A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer application designed to perform a wide range of operations on geographic information. Geographic information is defined as information about locations on or near the surface of the Earth, and may be organized in a variety of ways. Thus a GIS includes functions to input, store, visualize, export, and analyze such information. Commer...

The main tasks of this study are to ascertain the geographic profile of the criminal to find out the anchor point based on the time and locations of previous crimes and to predict the potential locations of the next crime. Firstly, this paper utilizes probability and statistics method to calculate the possibility of every point becoming the criminal’s anchor point, from which this paper develop...

Being cleaner and climate friendly, wind energy has been increasingly utilized to meet the ever-growing global energy demands. In the State of Nebraska, USA, a wide gap exists between wind resource and actual energy production, and it is imperative to expand the wind energy development. Because of the formidable costs associated with wind energy development, the locations for new wind turbines ...

Equilibrium models of isolation by distance predict an increase in genetic differentiation with geographic distance. Here we find a linear relationship between genetic and geographic distance in a worldwide sample of human populations, with major deviations from the fitted line explicable by admixture or extreme isolation. A close relationship is shown to exist between the correlation of geogra...