The relative nephrotoxicities of netilmicin (Sch 20569) and gentamicin were compared in rats at doses of 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg per day for 15 days. Both drugs caused proteinuria and a decrease in urine osmolality; however, netilmicin produced significantly less changes at all doses than gentamicin. Whereas gentamicin resulted in a decline in creatinine clearance at all doses, netilmicin fai...

Polyaspartic Acid (PAA) protects the kidney from experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity despite large increases in renal cortical gentamicin content. In these experiments, prominent cytoplasmic vacuoles were noted in all animals that received PAA with or without gentamicin. The present study showed that there were no renal structural or functional consequences of PAA given alone or with gentami...

The effect of gentamicin against 130 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared with that of two investigational aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and amikacin. Minimal inhibitory concentration data indicated that, on a weight basis, tobramycin was two to four times as active as gentamicin against most isolates. However, 14 of 18 organisms highly resistant to gentamicin (>/=8...

OBJECTIVE The possible preventive effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in gentamicin ototoxicity was studied with auditory brain stem responses (ABRs), otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), and histopathological investigation of the cochlea. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is conducted on 36 rats in three groups. Gentamicin, gentamicin plus NAC, and NAC alone were intraperitoneally administered for 15 d...

The effects of vancomycin, gentamicin, and combination vancomycin-gentamicin treatments on alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) elimination in 30 hospitalized patients were assessed and compared with elimination in a control group. Twenty-four-hour urine excretion values for AAP and beta 2M were determined on treatment day 1 and day 5 for patients receiving the three ...

The frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in combination with gentamicin poses the additional risk of nephrotoxic renal failure. Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is the main enzyme responsible for the synthesis of renal vasodilator prostaglandins, while COX-2 participates predominantly in the inflammatory process. Both are inhibited by non-selective NSAID such as indomethacin. Se...

BACKGROUND Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been involved in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of S-allylmercaptocysteine, a garlic derived compound, on gentamicin-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and nephrotoxicity. In addition, the in vitro reactive oxygen species scavenging properties of S-allylmercaptocysteine were studied. RE...

Titanium is frequently used for dental implants, percutaneous pins and screws or orthopedic joint prostheses. Implant surfaces can become peri-operatively contaminated by surgically introduced bacteria during implantation causing lack of surface coverage mammalian cells subsequent implant failure. Especially implants that have to function in a bacteria-laden environment such as pins, cannot be ...

OBJECTIVE To compare empiric single-dose gentamicin versus culture-specific oral antibiotics as prophylaxis before cystometrogram and/or cystogram. Comparisons with regards to infection, patient preference, and cost were made. DESIGN Prospective randomized control trial. SETTING Inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation hospital. PATIENTS Seventy received oral antibiotics and 72 received in...

In experimental meningitis a single dose of gentamicin (10 mg/kg of body weight) led to gentamicin levels in around cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 4 mg/liter for 4 h, decreasing slowly to 2 mg/liter 4 h later. The CSF penetration of gentamicin ranged around 27%, calculated by comparison of areas under the curve (AUC in serum/AUC in CSF). Gentamicin monotherapy (-1.24 log(10) CFU/ml) was inferior ...