Our earlier studies revealed that both MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) and non-MHC genes are associated with the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). To find out whether non-MHC genes such as vitamin D receptor (VDR) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) genes are associated with the susceptibility to spinal TB (extrapulmonary form of TB), the present study was carried...

the aim of this study was to test the genotypes effect of dgat1 gene on breeding value in iranian holstein milk production traits. for this purpose, 103 semen samples of registered bulls were collected and then genotyped for partial region of dgat1 gene. the studied traits were milk yield (my), fat yield (fy), protein yield (py), fat percentage (fp) and protein percentage (pp). first lactation ...

We analyzed the aplolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes of 110 probable AD patients and 226 cognitively normal controls in Koreans. The APOE 14 allele was more prevalent in both earlyand late-onset AD patients (P , 0:01) than in controls. The odds for the APOE 14-heterozygous subjects were 2.7 (95% CI ˆ 1:6±4:5), and those for the APOE 14-homozygous subjects were 17.4 (95% CI ˆ 2:0±147:3). But the o...

To detect genetic association with common and complex diseases, many statistical tests have been proposed for candidate gene or genome-wide association studies with the case-control design. Due to linkage disequilibrium (LD), multi-marker association tests can gain power over single-marker tests with a Bonferroni multiple testing adjustment. Among many existing multi-marker association tests, m...

background: transforming growth factor-beta 1(tgf-β1) t869c (rs1800470, the same below) gene polymorphism is notably relative with the development of diabetic nephropathy (dn)，and cc/ct genotype diabetic have higher frequency of than tt genotype diabetic. to find out individual risk factors in the two genotypes especially in susceptible genotype could provide more efficient and targeted prevent...

The deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genotype has been reported as an independent risk factor for the development of myocardial infarction (MI). However there are conflicting data showing no relationship between the ACE genotype and coronary artery disease. The present study was performed to investigate the correlation between ACE genetic polymorphism and acute coron...

The paradoxical persistence of heritable variation for fitness-related traits is an evolutionary conundrum that remains a preeminent problem in evolutionary biology. Here we describe a simple mechanism in which social competition results in the evolutionary maintenance of heritable variation for fitness related traits. We demonstrate this mechanism using a genetic model with two primary assumpt...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has chronically infected million peoples worldwide. Spontaneous viral clearance occurs in 25% of affected patients. The standard regimen to treat HCV infection is the combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin.1 The most important indicator of successful treatment is sustained virologic response (SVR), which is defined as undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after treatm...