Cooperative breeders often exhibit reproductive skew, where dominant individuals reproduce more than subordinates. Two approaches derived from Hamilton's inclusive fitness model predict when subordinate behavior is favored over living solitarily. The assured fitness return (AFR) model predicts that subordinates help when they are highly likely to gain immediate indirect fitness. Transactional s...

Abstract We consider real hypersurfaces M in complex projective space equipped with both the Levi-Civita and generalized Tanaka–Webster connections. Associated connection we can define a differential operator of first order. For any nonnull number k symmetric tensor field type (1,1) B on , (1,2) $$B^{(k)}_T$$ B</mml:m...

We follow the general recipe for constructing commutative families of W-operators, which provides Hurwitz-like expansions in symmetric functions (Macdonald polynomials), order to obtain a difference operator example that gives rise (q,t)-deformation earlier studied models. As before, key role is played by an appropriate deformation cut-and-join rotation operator. outline its expression both ter...