dna microarray is a powerful approach to study simultaneously, the expression of 1000 of genes in a single experiment. the average value of the fluorescent intensity could be calculated in a microarray experiment. the calculated intensity values are very close in amount to the levels of expression of a particular gene. however, determining the appropriate position of every spot in microarray im...

Welcome to the rst functional programming column! Functional programmers and formal methoders have much to say to each other, and this column is intended to further such communication. Functional programming supports formal methods. A large number of proof systems and other formal methods packages have been implemented in functional languages. ML, the doyen of functional languages, takes its na...

Introduction: Beta-actin is a housekeeping gene, which is used as an internal standard in various biological studies. Recently, it was reported that the expression of commonly used housekeeping genes including ß–actin changes in disease states or under certain experimental conditions. Based on the reports about the effects of sex hormones on the expression of the ß- actin gene, in this study...

Fetal-neonatal iron deficiency induces adult learning impairments concomitant with changes in expression of key genes underlying hippocampal learning and memory in spite of neonatal iron replenishment. Notably, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a gene critical for neuronal maturation and synaptic plasticity, is lowered both acutely and in adulthood following early-life iro...

Objective Globozoospermia is a rare syndrome with an incidence of less than 0.1% among infertile men. Researchers have recently identified a large deletion, about 200 kbp, encompassing the whole length of DPY19L2 or mutations in SPATA16 and PICK1 genes associated with globozoospermia. The aim of this study was to analyze the DPY19L2 gene deletion using polymerase chain reaction technique for th...

background and objectives: phospholipases are a group of enzymes that breakdown phospholipid molecules producing second products. these second products play a diverse role in the cell such as signal transduction and digestion in humans. in this study, the effect of phospholipids on the expression of pld genes of a. fumigatus was investigated. the pld genes of this fungus were also investigated ...

a new strategy for construction of synthetic gene encoding human basic fibroblast growth factor comprising dna annealing-ligation and augmentation by polymerase chain reaction was introduced. the sequence of the gene and corresponding amino acid chain were modified in order to increase stability of the protein. first, 300 bp and 160 bp fragments of the gene were assembled from 18 oligonucleotid...

introduction: the estrogen receptors are potential candidates in prognosis and particularly in predicting hormone response therapy in breast cancer. the aim of this study was to measure erα gene expression due to study of the association between erα expression, age and menopause of iranian women with breast cancer. methods: 21 adenocarcinoma cases with grade 2 and 10 normal samples were screene...