The status of women in society is often overlooked and defined only through the presence men. This situation tends to exclude from socio-cultural, economic, political contributions society, which can be reproduced literary texts. In particular, Fanny Fern’s Ruth Hall (1855) reflects miserable position 19th century America demonstrates that must resist manhood’s power achieve a certain ontologic...

This study investigatesvariability in English yes/no questions as well as the commonalities among yes/no question variants produced by members of two different varieties of English: Canadian English native speakers and Iranian EFL learners.Further, it probes the role of gender in theEnglish yes/no question variants produced by Canadian English native speakers and those produced by Iranian EFL l...

People in low-power positions, whether due to gender or class, tend to exhibit other-oriented rather than self-oriented behavior. Women's experiences at work and at home are shaped by social class, heightening identification with gender for relatively upper class women and identification with class for relatively lower class women, potentially mitigating, or even reversing, class-based differen...

This paper examines nongoal oriented transactions with texts in order to investigate the information encounter in the context of daily living. Findings are reported from a larger research project based on intensive interviews with 194 committed readers who read for pleasure. The paper analyses interview responses that illuminate two aspects of the readers' experience of reading for pleasure: (1...

This paper describes how proof texts are constructed and edited in the Proof General Kit framework. Proof texts are the central object of development within our framework and we want to allow flexible ways to construct them, both explicitly via text editing and implicitly by graphical manipulation or meta-manipulation. To this end, the framework allows for user-oriented display components, conn...

We have developed an original learning method in order to extract latent structures in raw texts. The induced structure is a data-driven tree which can be unbalanced. It has been obtained from successive partitions of the texts in clusters, with an incremental number of classes ranging from 2 to K; each quasi-optimal partition has been performed with an adaptation of the k-means clustering. The...

recent translation studies have been increasingly focusing on translators as mediators between cultures around the world and have helped us to see how the translator`s identity as a necessarily gendered rewriter impacts their works. this research studied the translation of an indian woman writer`s language and perspectives at lexical level by two iranian woman translators to find the probable e...

The information transmitted by images accompanying technical and scientific texts id supposed to lead to a better, visually-oriented understanding of the concepts and descriptions contained in the text. Given that conceptualising scientific information entails creating mental representations of the concepts, and since the function of images is complementary to the function of texts, cultural at...

Multiword units (MWUs) are critical in processing and understanding texts and have been extensively studied in relation to their occurrences in texts. MWUs also play an essential role in organising vocabulary, which is most prominently visible in domain-specific terminologies. There has been, however, a limited and mostly theoretical concern with the latter aspect of MWUs; researchers intereste...

This paper reviews evidence of the gender effects of globalization in developing economies. It then outlines a set of macroeconomic and trade policies to promote gender equity. The evidence suggests that while liberalization has expanded women’s access to employment, the long-term goal of transforming gender inequalities remains unmet and appears unattainable without state intervention in marke...