RATIONALE Dividing cells can be detected in the live brain by positron emission tomography or optical imaging. Here we apply proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) and a widely used spectral fitting algorithm to characterize the effect of increased neurogenesis after electroconvulsive shock in the live rodent brain via spectral signatures representing mobile lipids resonating at ∼1.30 p...

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and most malignant human brain tumor. The prognosis remains very poor, with most patients dying within 1 year after diagnosis. Primary and secondary glioblastoma constitute distinct disease subtypes, affecting patients of different age and developing through different genetic pathways. The majority of cases (>90%) are primary glioblastomas that develop rapidly ...

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a peptide released upon hypothalamo-pituitary stimulation that acts as a potent endogenous antagonist of the glucocorticoid inhibition of acute inflammatory response and subsequent antigen-specific response. MIF also sustains tumour growth as it promotes angiogenesis, overcomes p53-mediated cell growth arrest and inhibits tumour-specific immune re...

To evaluate possible roles of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, -2 and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) in invasion of human gliomas, expressions of these proteins were investigated in ten cases of human glioma and two meningioma tissues and eight human glioma cell lines. In gelatin zymography, MMP-2 activities of glioblastom...

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) are a family of enzymes that relay important cellular growth control signals. Recently, a large-scale mutational analysis of eight PI3K and eight PI3K-like genes revealed somatic mutations in PIK3CA, which encodes the p110alpha catalytic subunit of class IA PI3K, in several types of cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme. In that report, 4 of 15 (27%...

In a series of 46 glioblastomas, 16 anaplastic astrocytomas and eight astrocytomas, all tumours retaining one or both alleles of CDKN2A (48 tumours) and CDKN2B (49 tumours) were subjected to sequence analysis (entire coding region and splice acceptor and donor sites). One glioblastoma with hemizygous deletion of CDKN2A showed a missense mutation in exon 2 (codon 83) that would result in the sub...

Abstract Glioblastomas are the most common and lethal forms of malignant primary brain tumor. We present a case report patient with III-grade glioma who achieved stable disease (SD) clinical improvement after trametinib administration. also review literature to Current Treatment Guidelines Glioblastoma new therapeutic strategies based on molecularly targeted therapy. Traditional treatments, inc...

Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin sections from human glioblastoma multiforme and normal brain tissue. Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) was abundantly present in astrocytes from all glioblastomas studied. Basic FGF was found in the matrix surrounding proliferating blood vessels in most of the glioblastomas. In contrast, astrocytes from normal brain did not contain acidic FGF, ...

mirnas are endogenous small noncoding rnas that can regulate many cellular processes. different expression levels of several mirnas have been detected in glioblastomas. function of mirnas and targets have been well studied in recent years. according to these studies, the role of mirnas in glioblastoma pathogenesis have been defined. mirnas have affected many processes in gbm such as apoptosis, ...