Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a key regulatory molecule that has been targeted in human cancers, including melanoma. In clinical testing, Abs against PD-1 have resulted in psoriasiform dermatitis (PsD). To determine whether PD-1 regulates PsD, we compared skin responses of PD-1-deficient (PD-1KO) mice and wild-type (WT) controls in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced murine model of psoriasis. PD-1K...

Gas diffusion layers are essential components of proton exchange membrane fuel cell since the reactants should pass through these layers. Mass transport in these layers is highly dependent on porosity. Many of simulations have assumed, for simplicity, the porosity of GDL is constant, but in practice, there is a considerable variation in porosity along gas diffusion layers. In the present study ...

The two-phase flow in the gas channels of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is studied with an ex situ setup using a gas diffusion layer (GDL) as the sidewall of the channels. Air is supplied at the channel inlet manifold and water is supplied continuously and uniformly through the GDL along the length of the channel. This is different from the simultaneous air and water introduction...

• 3D Lattice Boltzmann simulation of the flow on cathode side a micro PEFC at wet and dry operating conditions. X-ray tomographic assessment serpentine channel geometry porous structure GDL. A GDL leads to higher magnitude cross-flows under ribs, transferring gas from one straight next. The normalized local accumulated along are substantially in compared In electrochemically cells, rib will rec...

A versatile ion release mediated by GDL is demonstrated to achieve a controlled homogeneous crosslinking of alginate chains, which is critical for the synthesis of highly stretchable and notch-insensitive hybrid hydrogels with controlled properties.

Cytokine components of Th17 pathway play vital roles in human psoriasis. Although much is known about TCR αβ T cells in psoriasis, the role of unconventional T cells, including γδ T cells, is unclear. In this study, using an IL-23 skin injection model of psoriasiform dermatitis in mice, we demonstrate that IL-22, IL-17A, and the IL-23R were highly enriched in a population of CCR6(+), TCR γδ-low...

The process of flooding has been examined with a single-channel fuel cell that permits direct observation of liquid water motion and local current density. As product water flows through the largest pores in the hydrophobic GDL, drops detach from the surface, aggregate, and form slugs. Flooding in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells occurs when liquid water slugs accumulate in the gas...

BACKGROUND Interoperability standards intend to standardise health information, clinical practice guidelines intend to standardise care procedures, and patient data registries are vital for monitoring quality of care and for clinical research. This study combines all three: it uses interoperability specifications to model guideline knowledge and applies the result to registry data. METHODS We...