The impacts of climate change on groundwater are poorly constrained, particularly in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa where global circulation models (GCMs) project different directions precipitation change. Moreover, the timing when can be differentiated from natural variability has not been quantified. Here, for first time, we estimate time emergence (ToE) levels, using series eight sites a...

This study presents an assessment of projection and uncertainty drought characteristics (frequency DF, area Da) using three indices (Palmer Drought Severity Index, PDSI; Standardized Precipitation SPI; Evapotranspiration SPEI) in the humid subtropical Pearl River basin southern China during period 2021–2050. The is based on 13 CMIP5 general circulation models (GCMs) under Representative Concent...

The goal of this study is to evaluate annual and seasonal inflow from the Volga catchment area Caspian Sea during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM ~21,000 years ago) using paleoclimate modeling data. first approach based on LGM simulation by general circulation models (GCMs) in framework Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) Coupled (CMIP6). We used four GCMs: INM-CM4-8, MIROC-ES2L, A...

Shortwave (SW) cloud feedback (SWFB) is the primary driver of uncertainty in effective climate sensitivity (ECS) predicted by global models (GCMs). ECS for several GCMs participating sixth assessment report exceed 5K, above fifth “likely” maximum (4.5K) due to extratropical SWFB's that are more positive than those simulated previous generation GCMs. Here we show across 57 Southern Ocean SWFB ca...

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the CMIP6 global circulation models (GCMs) varies from 1.83 {\deg}C to 5.67 {\deg}C. Herein, 38 GCMs are grouped into three ECS classes (low, 1.80-3.00 {\deg}C; medium, 3.01-4.50 high, 4.51-6.00 {\deg}C) and compared against ERA5-T2m records 1980-1990 2011-2021. We found that all with > 3.0 overestimate observed surface warming spatial t-statistics r...

The impact of soil moisture (SM) and precipitation coupling (SM-P-C) on the subsequent climate at daily to seasonal scales over Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a critical issue. In this study, spring SM summer (SSM-SP-C) were investigated using multi-reanalysis validated with 13 global models (GCMs) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, its relationship wet bias GCMs was explored. results r...

Reducing systematic errors of state-of-the-art General Circulation Models (GCMs) will increase our confidence on the projection of future climate change and improve our forecast skills of present-day weather and climate variability. One systematic error of current GCMs is the failure to simulate a dominant tropical atmospheric variability: Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). Through downscale and ...