Although gaze direction and face shape have each been shown to affect perceptions of the dominance of others, the question whether gaze direction and face shape have independent main effects on perceptions of dominance, and whether these effects interact, has not yet been studied. To investigate this issue, we compared dominance ratings of faces with masculinised shapes and direct gaze, masculi...

The purpose of the current study was to use eye tracking to better understand the "stare-in-the-crowd effect"-the notion that direct gaze is more easily detected than averted gaze in a crowd of opposite-gaze distractors. Stimuli were displays of four full characters aligned across the monitor (one target and three distractors). Participants completed a visual search task in which they were aske...

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated brain activity evoked by mutual and averted gaze in a compelling and commonly experienced social encounter. Through virtual-reality goggles, subjects viewed a man who walked toward them and shifted his neutral gaze either toward (mutual gaze) or away (averted gaze) from them. Robust activity was evoked in the superior temporal ...

The improvement of gaze tracking system enables us to expand its research area from measurement of eye movements to gaze interface eld. In this paper, the requirements of gaze tracking system for gaze interface device are described at rst, and then technologies that satis ed them are presented. Next, the researches of gaze interface are shown within two categories, command-based interface and n...

Previous research has shown that listeners follow speaker gaze to mentioned objects in a shared visual environment to ground referring expressions, both for human and robot speakers. What is less clear is whether listeners exploit speaker gaze to infer referential intentions (Staudte & Crocker, 2010), or whether the benefits of gaze can be more simply explained by (reflexive) gaze following (Fr...

This paper discusses the problem of gaze tracking and its applications to multimodal human-computer interaction. The function of a gaze tracking system can be either passive or active. For example, a system can identify user's message target by monitoring the user's gaze, or the user could use his gaze to directly control an application or launch actions. We have developed a real-time gaze trac...

Direct gaze is a crucial signal in human social communication, which is known to attract visual attention and modulate a wide range of behaviours. The present study investigated whether direct gaze facilitates rapid orienting to faces, which is important for adaptive on-line communication, and its neural correlates. Fifteen participants performed a rapid orienting task, in which they were instr...