During the last decades, numerous studies have been performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) on gastrointestinal motility and patients with functional gastrointestinal diseases. A PubMed search was performed on this topic and all available studies published in English have been reviewed and evaluated. This review is organized based on the gas...

Background A considerable number of gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) of varied nature (inflammatory, infectious, genetic and other etiology) may produce alterations in the hard and soft oral tissues. Among these are Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Material and Methods Article search was done using the National library of medicine (PubMed) data...

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a rare syndrome of gastrointestinal protein loss that may complicate a variety of diseases. The primary causes can be divided into erosive gastrointestinal disorders, nonerosive gastrointestinal disorders, and disorders involving increased central venous pressure or mesenteric lymphatic obstruction. Herein, we report on a 65-year-old man with PLE caused by in...

gastrointestinal disorders. Table 1 shows the results of a survey in the United States in which more than 6,000 IC patients were asked what disorders they had in association with their IC. Our own data on IC and Sjögren's syndrome have been added to this list. Two groups of gastrointestinal disorders are included in this list: irritable bowel syndrome and Crohn's disease/ulcerative colitis. Bot...

Macrophages (MΦ) differentiate from blood monocytes and participate in innate and adaptive immunity. Because of their abilities to recognize pathogens and activate bactericidal activities, MΦ are always discovered at the site of immune defense. MΦ in the intestine are unique, such that in the healthy intestine, they possess complex mechanisms to protect the gut from inflammation. In these compl...

John Langdon Down, an English physician, first described Down syndrome in 1866 but it was not until 1959 that Dr Jerome Lejeune from Paris showed an association with chromosome 21. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality occurring in humans and is caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. Recent exciting research has shown that trisomy silencing ma...

The most common and challenging gastrointestinal motility disorders in children include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophageal achalasia, gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and constipation. GERD is the most common gastrointestinal motility disorder affecting children and is diagnosed clinically and treated primarily with acid secretion blockade. Esophageal achala...