Endoscopes are widely used in clinical settings. Gastric endoscopes particular useful for detecting early-stage gastric cancers and polyp removal. During removal or other simple surgical procedures, however, the spatter of blood bodily fluids resulting from excision affected areas can fog endoscope lens. Condensation caused by temperature differences between instrument interior exterior also af...

The gastric antral mucosal diaphragms also called gastric antral webs (GAW) are circumferential membranes of mucosa and submucosa with a central aperture that occur in the gastric antrum near the pyloric canal [1]. They form a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) in adults [2,3]. A 45-year-old well-nourished male presented with postprandial epigastric pain, bloating, fullness and belc...

Bouveret's syndrome, first described in 1896 by Léon Bouveret, is rare, limited to approximately 200 published case reports to date [Ariche et al.: Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:781-783]. It is a subgroup of gallstone ileus in which a cholecystoduodenal fistula allows the passage of a gallstone that obstructs the duodenum, causing gastric outlet obstruction. This case is unique as it describes ...

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) of the duodenum and head of the pancreas are rare. They are of probable immunological aetiology and preoperatively indistinguishable from adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic head. We describe a patient with duodenal IMT and gastric outlet obstruction, and present a review of pancreatic head and duodenal IMTs in the literature. IMTs of the pancreatic hea...

A case of Brunneroma causing gastric outlet obstruction is presented with radiological, endoscopical findings which was removed laparoscopically.