Methane is one of the most serious greenhouse gases contributing to irreversible climate change. The contribution of methane emissions from leaking pipelines and the expected increased throughput through the pipelines prompted the natural gas industry to set a goal of reducing emissions by 50% by 2010. The integrity of the pipelines is critical to the safety of the gas transportation infrastruc...

In this work, we address the functional-unit based life cycle optimisation of the design and operations of shale gas supply chain networks considering both the economic and environmental performance. The system covers the well-to-wire life cycle of electricity generated from shale gas, consisting of a number of stages including freshwater acquisition, shale well drilling, fracking, and completi...

On behalf of the Natural Resources Defense Council (“NRDC”) and our 1.2 million members and activists, I appreciate the opportunity to comment on the CPUC’s Staff White Paper, Light-Duty Vehicle Electrification in California: Potential Barriers and Opportunities. 1 The document will serve as an important tool to stakeholders and policymakers working on reducing barriers to electrification in th...

Amid growing concerns about the impact of rising obesity and physical inactivity levels, climate change, population growth, increasing traffic congestion and declining oil supplies, multiple sectors are now promoting active transportation as an alternative to driving. This paper considers the health benefits and co-benefits of investing in active transportation, enabling comparison of policy op...

Microbes were first associated with corrosion as early as 1910 [1]. However, much confusion remains in biocorrosion mechanisms because their investigation involves multidisciplinary knowledge in several diverse research areas such as bio-electrochemistry, microbiology, corrosion engineering and chemical engineering. Billions of dollars are lost to biocorrosion each year in the US alone [2]. The...

This paper presents an experimental study of gas-liquid slug flow on solid particle transport inside a horizontal pipe with two types of experiments conducted. The influence of slug length on solid particle transportation is characterized using high speed photography. Using combined Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with Refractive Index Matching (RIM) and fluorescent tracers (two-phase oil-air ...

from the perspective of theorists of international relations including functionalists and regionalists, establishment of cooperation and economic, commercial and transportation relations is among the suitable methods for fostering integration in international relations and deepening friendship, peace and stability particularly among regional countries. considering this fact, the authors believe...

the goal of this study was to analysis the greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions of pasta production. data for this study was collected from durum wheat farms of three provinces of iran. data of soil properties, transportation and pasta factory stages were collected and analyzed, using simapro software, ecoinvent data base and global warming potential (gwp) 100 years method. epic model was used to cal...

Nowadays, the expansion of the cities is an inevitable necessity; increasing the dependence of the citizens on motor vehicles and, consequently, making development of the transportation networks a necessity rather than an option. Thus, increasing car ownership and car use has created many problems for the cities, such as increasing greenhouse gas emissions, environmental pollution, casualties o...

The quantity of land available to grow biofuel crops without affecting food prices or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land conversion is limited. Therefore, bioenergy should maximize land-use efficiency when addressing transportation and climate change goals. Biomass could power either internal combustion or electric vehicles, but the relative land-use efficiency of these two energy pathway...