Mass-spectroscopic experiments related to the endohedral metallofullerene are reviewed. Generation techniques of gas phase clusters, FT-ICR mass spectroscopy experiments, and ion mobility experiments are overviewed. Based on those experimental results, the formation mechanism of endohedral metallofullerene is discussed with classical molecular dynamics simulation results. Finally, exotic predic...

In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized to characterize a prototype biolistic delivery system, the biomedical device based on the contoured-shock-tube design (CST), with the aim at investigating shocks induced flow instabilities within the contoured shock tube. The shock/interface interactions, the growth of perturbation at an interface between two fluids of different dens...

• it stores and releases large quantities of heat, freshwater and soluble gases, • heat, freshwater and gas releases are sometimes substantially separated in space and time from their point of storage, due to ocean dynamics and mixing • freshwater and gas fluxes are determined partly by direct and indirect effects of ocean surface temperatures • carbon fluxes, storage and natural sequestration ...

Microdischarge devices (MDs) share many properties with their macroscopic counterparts while having unique features resulting from their ability to sustain large current densities and power depositions on a continuous basis at pressures approaching atmospheric. The dynamics of cylindrical, metal–dielectric–metal sandwich MDs sustained in Ar having characteristic sizes of a few hundred micrometr...

We give a complete description of nonlinear waves and their pairwise interactions in isentropic gas dynamics. Our analysis includes rarefactions, compressions and shock waves. Because the waves are arbitrarily large, we describe the change of states across the wave exactly, without resolving the characteristic patterns. We similarly describe the states between nonlinear waves in any pairwise in...

A “Hamilton-Jacobi” level set formulation of the equations of motion for propagating interfaces has been introduced recently by Osher and Sethian. This formulation allows fronts to self-intersect, develop singularities, and change topology. The numerical algorithms based on this approach handle topological merging and breaking naturally, work in any number of space dimensions, and do not requir...

We study a quasi-two-dimensional monolayer of granular rods fluidized by a spatially and temporally homogeneous upflow of air. By tracking the position and orientation of the particles, we characterize the dynamics of the system with sufficient resolution to observe ballistic motion at the shortest time scales. Particle anisotropy gives rise to dynamical anisotropy and superdiffusive dynamics p...

The system of gas-dynamic equations, corresponding to the first order of approximation in the successive approximations method of solution of kinetic Boltzmann equation for multi-component mixture of gases, is derived. Interpretation of turbulent flows of gases is proposed within frames of multi-component gas dynamics, as stratified on components flows of gases. PACS numbers: 02.30.Mv, 05.20.Dd...

This paper consists of two parts. In the rst part we give a review of a good multigrid method for solving the steady Euler equations of gas dynamics on a locally reened mesh. The method is self-adaptive and makes use of unstructured grids that can be considered as parts of a nested sequence of structured grids. It is brieey described and applied to some steady Euler-ow problems. The method appe...

The linear multivariable modelling of an aircraft gas turbine is presented. A frequency-domain identification method is employed to estimate a family of models from engine data at a range of operating points. It is found that the fuel feed to shaft speed dynamics can be represented by second-order models. This matches the results obtained for the reduced-order linearised thermodynamic models de...