Needle nematodes, Longidorus africanus, were added to carrot and lettuce seedlings in a range of inoculum levels and at various times after seeding. The effects of inoculum density and delayed inoculation on plant growth were analyzed according to Seinhorst's damage function. Growth of both lettuce and carrot was severely affected by L. africanus, but delaying nematode inoculation until 10 days...

—In this paper, we introduce the " Garden Alive " system that allows users to interact with an emotionally intelligent virtual garden by manipulating tangible user interfaces. The Garden Alive aims to provide both entertainment and education. The proposed system is composed of three components. In the first module, tangible user interfaces bridge to the garden in a virtual world. In the second ...

The obtainment of transgenic edible plants carrying recombinant antigens is a desired issue in search for economic alternatives viewing vaccine production. Here we report a strategy for genetic transformation of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) using the surface antigen HBsAg of hepatitis B virus. Transgenic lettuce seedlings were obtained through the application of a regulated balance of pla...

background anxiety is a physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. there is some evidence in traditional medicine for the effectiveness of lettuce (lactuca sativa) in the treatment of anxiety in humans. objectives the present study investigated the effects of a hydro-alcoholic extract of lettuce on rat behavior in the elevated plus-maze (epm) ...

Cadmium ions influence on the content of anthocyanins as non-plastid pigments and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) as primary enzyme of their biosynthesis in two lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L.) with different anthocyanin content was investigated. The increases in anthocyanin content and enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase of both lettuce plant variet...

U.S. exported lettuce, broccoli, asparagus, and strawberries oftenharborwesternßower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a quarantined pest in Taiwan, and therefore require quarantine treatment. Fumigation with diluted pure phosphine at a low temperatureof 2 Cwas studied to controlwesternßower thrips and todetermineeffects on thequality of the treated produc...

background: one of the most important ways of pathologic and non-pathologic parasites transmission is through eating raw vegetables. iranian people believe that eating raw vegetables is an important way to get some essential vitamins and minerals. objectives: according to the high prevalence of pathologic parasites and also exporting different vegetables to the other provinces such as tehran, w...

The use of microcystins (MCs) contaminated water to irrigate crop plants represents a human health risk due to their bioaccumulation potential. In addition, MCs cause oxidative stress and negatively influence photosynthetic activities in plants. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of MCs on photosynthetic parameters and antioxidative response of lettuce. Furthermore, the bio...

Background: In Addis Ababa, where irrigation water for vegetable production is commonly derived from the highly polluted Akaki river, information on microbial contamination of water and irrigated vegetable is scanty. An assessment was done to determine the microbiological quality of irrigation water and lettuce harvested from 10 urban farming sites of Addis Ababa. The efficacy of 5 lettuce wash...

Carotenoids in the photosynthetic membranes of plants typically contain two b-rings (e.g., b-carotene and zeaxanthin) or one «and one b-ring (e.g., lutein). Carotenoids with two «-rings are uncommon. We reported earlier that the Arabidopsis thaliana lycopene «-cyclase (LCYe) adds one «-ring to the symmetrical linear substrate lycopene, whereas the structurally related lycopene b-cyclase (LCYb) ...