The gall bladder is least common intra-abdominal organ to be involved by tuberculosis. It is either part of systemic miliary tuberculosis or abdominal tuberculosis. Isolated gall bladder tuberculosis is even rarer, can presents either as calculus or acalculus cholecystitis. Gall bladder tuberculosis presenting as a localized perforation with a sinus formation into anterior abdominal wall is unr...

In this study we focused on the effects of light irradiation and the addition of L-galactono-1,4-lactone (L-GalL) on the conversion of exogenous L-GalL to L-ascorbate (AsA) and the total AsA pool size in detached leaves of Arabidopsis plants and transgenic plants expressing the rat L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase gene. Increases in the total AsA level in L-GalL-treated leaves depended entirely on ...

Gall bladder cancer is one of five most common malignancies of the gastro-intestinal tract. Most of the cancers are detected during histological examination after cholecystectomy. Females are more commonly affected than males with a ratio of 4:1. A direct association exists between the presence of cholelithiasis and the development of gall bladder carcinoma. In patients with gall bladder carcin...

Diseases of the gall bladder in childhood are of great interest. Recently, Forshall and Rickham (1954) and previously Potter (1938) drew attention to cholecystitis associated with gall stones. The majority of such cases do not present as acute emergencies. Fevre (1933) states that diseases of the biliary tract presenting as surgical emergencies are usually a perforation or volvulus of the gall ...

(Anatomy and ontogenesis of hymenopteran leaf galls of Struthanthus vulgaris Mart. (Loranthaceae)). Leaves of Struthanthus vulgaris Mart. (Loranthaceae) exhibit galls induced by a Hymenoptera. These galls pass through five developmental stages. In the first stage, a small brown swelling is observed on the surface of the leaf. Internally, the chlorenchyma cells around the eggs of the gall-makers...

The evolutionary divergence of the galling habit of aphids (Homoptera: Fordinae) that induce different gall types on Pistacia spp. (Anacardiaceae) trees in the Mediterranean region was examined. The phylogenetic cladogram of the aphids that was based on sequences of mitochondrial genes (COI and COII) was constructed. Placing gall traits on the single parsimony cladogram suggests that gall types...

BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the gall bladder has a guarded prognosis with predominant sites of involvement being liver and regional nodes. Osseous metastasis in carcinoma of the gall bladder is rare and hence bone scintigraphy does not form a part of the routine work-up for such patients. CASE REPORTS We describe two patients with carcinoma of the gall bladder with osteolytic metastasis (stage 4)...

Congenital absence of the gall-bladder is a rare condition. It is sometimes associated with other congenital defects. We report here two cases of gall-bladder agenesis discovered at laparoscopy. Both had a history of skeletal and cardiovascular anomalies. The investigation of patients with absent gall-bladder can be very difficult. Ultrasound scanning is usually inconclusive and further noninva...

Gall-bladder sensitivity to cholecystokinin (CCK) was determined by dynamic cholescintigraphy in 18 patients with radiolucent gall stones and 18 matched controls during an infusion of CCK in which the rate of infusion was increased. In 10 of the matched pairs the patient was more sensitive than the control, in one the control was more sensitive, and in seven no difference was detected (p = 0.01...

Gall bladder storage of hepatic bile prevents complete recovery of biliary excretion of drugs to be obtained under physiological conditions in man. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for simultaneous measurement of gall bladder storage of a cholephilic drug, and of its duodenal excretion and t1/2 in bile. Duodenal perfusion using polyethylene glycol as intestinal recover...