The phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum encodes a family of seven type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors that contain both a leucine-rich repeat and an F-box domain. This structure is reminiscent of a class of typical eukaryotic proteins called F-box proteins. The latter, together with Skp1 and Cullin1 subunits, constitute the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and control sp...

Flax phloem fibers achieve their length by intrusive-diffusive growth, which requires them to penetrate the extracellular matrix of adjacent cells. Fiber elongation therefore involves extensive remodelling of cell walls and middle lamellae, including modifying the degree and pattern of methylesterification of galacturonic acid (GalA) residues of pectin. Pectin methylesterases (PME) are importan...

The effect of negative air ions on the reduction of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 inoculated onto mung bean sprout seed and whole or fresh-cut apple fruit was studied. Mung bean seeds, whole Gala apples, and Gala apple slices were inoculated with E. coli ATCC 25922 before being exposed to negative air ions for up to 18 h at room temperature (-23 degrees C). Results revealed a less than 0.5-log re...

The aim of this study was to provide information on trypanosome species infecting trypanotolerant cattle from southern Gabon. The study was conducted on 224 trypanotolerant cattle from three regions located in southern Gabon, using ITS1 primer-based PCR. Seventy-two (32%) N'dama cattle were found polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive with trypanosomes. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosi...

Small oral spirochaetes with a strict dependence on either glucuronic acid (GluA) or galacturonic acid (GalA) were isolated from European patients with periodontitis and from Chinese patients with either gingivitis or acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG). Thirteen such isolates were similar phenotypically to Treponema pectinovorum ATCC 33768T and this classification was confirmed by 1...

Abstract Visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive, fast, practical reliable technique to determine maturity quality attributes in apple fruit. However, the effects of cultivar growing conditions on predictive performance equipment must be determined before its commercial application industry. This study was carried out evaluate efficiency VIS-NIR portable spectromet...

1 Bauld L, Day P, Judge K. Off target: a critical review of setting goals for reducing health inequalities in the United Kingdom. Int J Health Serv 2008; 39: 439–54. 2 Murray CJL. Eight Americas: investigating mortality disparities across races, counties, and race-counties in the United States. PloS Med 2006; 3: e260. 3 Irvine L, Elliott L, Wallace H, Crombie IK. A review of major infl uences o...

The GAIA framework prototype, described herein, explores the possibilities and problems that arise when combining versioning and open hypermedia paradigms. It will be argued that it by adding versioning as a separate service in the hypermedia architecture – is possible to build consistent versioning of both documents and hyperstructure. This approach eases some of the problems inherent in separ...