different concentrations of gramicidin A. O 10 /Mg/ml, A 5 ^g/ml, å¡ 20 ^g/ml, ® 40 ^g/ml, ffl 40 ^g of gramicidin A/ml with only L-proline, A 40 fig of gramicidin A/ml alone and v is 40 jug of gramicidin A/ml and 300 fig of polymyxin B/ml without L-proline. Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite produced by some strains of Serratia marcescens and other taxonomically unrelated bacteria. Some aut...

Drymaria diandra is used in Nepalese traditional medicine to treat various ailments. The hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous extracts of D. were prepared screened for the presence different classes phytochemicals. Methanol showed phenolics, flavonoids carbohydrates so their total contents estimated. highest amount phenolics found extract (190.58±2.21 mg GAE/g 69.25±...

We studied the peptide-degrading anaerobic communities of methanogenic reactors from two mesophilic full-scale modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating brewery wastewater in Colombia. Most probable number (MPN) counts varied between 7.1 x 10(8) and 6.6 × 10(9) bacteria/g volatile suspended solids VSS (Methanogenic Reactor 1) and 7.2 × 10(6) and 6.4 × 10(7) bacteria/g (V...

We report on the mobilization of shuttle plasmids from gram-negative Escherichia coli to gram-positive corynebacteria mediated by P-type transfer functions. Introduction of plasmids into corynebacteria was markedly enhanced after heat treatment of the recipient cells. High-frequency plasmid transfer was also observed when the restriction system of the recipient was mutated. On the basis of our ...

Naphthyridones that were recently described as a class of translation inhibitors in gram-positive bacteria mediate their mode of action via GyrA in Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli. These are the first examples of compounds in which modes of action in different bacterial pathogens are mediated through widely different targets.

Lactic acid bacteria are characterized as gram-positive, usually non-motile, non-sporulating bacteria that produce lactic acid as a major or sole product of their fermentative metabolism. In this study, the presence of lactobacilli were investigated in the intestines of beluga ( Huso huso) and Persian sturgeon ( Acipenser persicus ), inhabiting Caspian sea. The obtained data showed that various...

cladophora and enteromorpha are the filamentous green-algal genuses that have a widespread distribution in caspian sea coast. the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of cladophora and enteromorpha in south of caspian sea. antibacterial activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of five different gram negative and positive bacteria including staphylococcus aureus, bacillus su...

Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zanthoxylum armatum essential oil was analyzed. A total of 3 samples (500 g/each) were collected 6:00 am; 12:00 noon; and 6:00 pm in the same day. The essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation in Clevenger apparatus and their chemical compositions were determined by the GC-MS system. The eleven most abundant ingredient...

The aim of Chapter 2 is to give an overview of the GPR basic principles and technology. A lot of definitions and often-used terms that will be used throughout the whole work will be explained here. Readers who are familiar with GPR and the demining application can skip parts of this chapter. Section 2.2.4 however can be interesting since a description of the hardware and the design parameters o...