Let R <-* S be an embedding of associative noetherian rings such that 5 is finitely generated as a right Ä-module. There is a correspondence from the prime spectrum of S to the prime spectrum of R obtained by associating to a given prime ideal P of S the prime ideals of R minimal over P n R . The prime and primitive ideal theories for several specific noncommutative noetherian rings, including ...

The prevalent communications networks suffer from lack of spectrum and spectrum inefficiency. This has motivated researchers to develop cognitive radio (CR) as a smart and dynamic radio access promised solution. A major challenge to this new technology is how to make fair assignment of available spectrum to unlicensed users, particularly for smart grids communication. This paper introduces an i...

he theory of fuzzy sets was ntroduced by Zadeh [22] in 1965 as an attempt to study the vagueness and uncertainity in real world problems. A.Rosenfeld [16] applied the notion of fuzzy sets and introduced the notion of fuzzy subgroups in groups. Since then various classical algebraic systems have been fuzzified. The theory of rough sets introduced by Z.Pawlak [14] in 1982 is another independent m...

‎‎Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and let $M$ be an $R$-module‎. ‎We define the primary spectrum of $M$‎, ‎denoted by $mathcal{PS}(M)$‎, ‎to be the set of all primary submodules $Q$ of $M$ such that $(operatorname{rad}Q:M)=sqrt{(Q:M)}$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we topologize $mathcal{PS}(M)$ with a topology having the Zariski topology on the prime spectrum $operatorname{Spec}(M)$ as a sub...

We construct the centralizer resolution of the spectrum EhS 1 2 in the category of K(2)-local spectra at the prime 2. We use the associated tower of fibrations to realize the duality resolution to a tower of fibrations whose limit is the spectrum EhS 1 2 . We also compute the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence for the spectrum tmf without assuming the ring structure on the spectrum and compute π∗E...

This paper reviews applications of fuzzy logic to telecommunications and proposes a novel fuzzy combining scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems. A summary of previous applications of fuzzy logic to telecommunications is given outlining also potential applications of fuzzy logic in future cognitive radio systems. In complex and dynamic operational environments, futur...

In this paper we introduce the notion of interval-valued (i.v.) fuzzy prime and semiprime ideals of a hypersemiring and study different properties of these two ideals. Finally, we examine the strongly irreducibility and irreducibility of an i.v. fuzzy ideal of a hypersemiring and characterize the equivalence of primeness, strongly irreducibility and irreducibility of an i.v. fuzzy ideal of a fu...

In this paper, we count the number of fuzzy subgroups of cyclic group G = Zp × Zq × Zr × Zs with p, q, r, s are distinct prime numbers. We define an equivalence relation on the fuzzy subgroups of any groups G and determine all of its subgroups. Then we draw the diagram of lattice subgroups of G. The number of fuzzy subgroups of G by observing the diagram then will be counted. Mathematics Subjec...

In this paper we defined prime ideal and maximal ideal and proved several properties of these. We have discussed the space of prime ideals of a C-algebra A with respect to the hull-kernel topology, which is called the prime spectrum of A and denoted by Spec A. It is also proved that Spec A is a T0 space.

Fuzzy groups and fuzzy theory have a lot of applications in several sciences such as mathematics, computer science, computer and electrical engineering. Hence, counting the number of fuzzy subgroups of finite groups to classify them is an important issue in fuzzy theory. The Main goal of this paper is to give an explicit formula for the number of fuzzy subgroups of a finite cyclic group 1 2 3 k...