the concept of algebraic hyperstructures introduced by marty as a generalization of ordinary algebraic structures. in an ordinary algebraic structure, the composition of two elements is an element, while in an algebraic hyperstructure, the composition of two elements is a set. the concept of ?-semihyperrings is a generalization of semirings, a generalization of semihyper rings and a generalizat...

In this text, we focus on operations of arity 2, 1, and 0. – For n = 2, f : A → A is a binary operation and is usually written in infix notation, using a binary operation symbol like ·, ∗, or +. Hence, instead of f(a1, a2) we write a1fa2. – For n = 1, f : A→ A is a unary operation. – For n = 0, f : A → A is a nullary operation or a constant. An algebra (or an algebraic structure) is a set A, th...

to investigate pedological criterion on land degradation in quaternary rock units, at first, a part of the shoor watershed area was selected. after distinguishing target area, slope classes, land use and geology maps were created, then map of units were founded by overlaying and crossing these maps. in this research three indices of erodibility, salinity and permeability of soils were considere...

An important concept in the theory of residuated lattices and other algebraic structures used for formal fuzzy logic, is that of a filter. Filters can be used, amongst others, to define congruence relations. Specific kinds of filters include Boolean filters and prime filters. In this paper, we define several different filters of residuated lattices and triangle algebras and examine their mutual...

Algebraic structures and lattice structures of rough sets are basic and important topics in rough sets theory. In this paper we pointed out that a basic problem had been overlooked, that is the closeness of union and intersection operations of rough approximation pairs, i.e. (lower approximation, upper approximation). We present that the union and intersection operations of rough approximation ...

investigation of desertification trend needs understanding of phenomena creating changes singly or action and reaction together in the manner that these changes were ended up in land degradation. in investigation of pedological criterion onland degradation in quaternary rock units, first, a part of the rude-shoor watershed area was selected. after distinguishing target area, maps of slope class...

In this paper, we establish the theory of fuzzy ideal convergence on completely distributive lattices and give characterizations of some topological notions. We also study fuzzy limit structures and discuss the relationship between fuzzy co-topologies and fuzzy limit structures.

the paper sets forth in detail categorically-algebraic or catalg foundations for the operations of taking the image and preimage of (fuzzy) sets called forward and backward powerset operators. motivated by an open question of s. e. rodabaugh, we construct a monad on the category of sets, the algebras of which generate the fixed-basis forward powerset operator of l. a. zadeh. on the next step, w...

The theory of fuzzy sets, which was initiated by Zadeh in his seminal paper [33] in 1965, was applied to generalize some of the basic concepts of algebra. The fuzzy algebraic structures play a vital role in mathematics with wide applications in many other branches such as theoretical physics, computer sciences, control engineering, information sciences, coding theory, logic, set theory, real an...