In this paper, we study the establishment of AC electric arc furnace model via chaotic circuit. First, the static model based on energy conservation theory is established. Then, a dynamic model based on static model created previous is built to simulate AC electric arc furnace dynamic characteristics. Chua’s chaotic circuit is selected to generate modulation wave. The results obtained by using ...

Quench hardening is the process of strengthening and hardening ferrous metals and alloys by heating the material to a specific temperature to form austenite (austenitization), followed by rapid cooling (quenching) in water, brine or oil to introduce a hardened phase called martensite. The material is then often tempered to increase toughness, as it may decrease from the quench hardening process...

The effect of annealing temperature and time on the formation of threading dislocations was investigated for high energy boron implants into silicon. 1 MeV B was implanted at a dose of 1310/cm into ^100& Si wafers. The wafers were subsequently annealed in either a rapid thermal annealing ~RTA! furnace or a conventional furnace for times between 1 s and 1 h at temperatures between 700 and 1150 °...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties of the orthodontic wires according to heat treatment environments and cooling methods. Four types of wires were heat-treated in air, argon and vacuum at 500◦C, for 6 min, and were then either cooled in the furnace or a water bath. Increases in microhardness, maximal strength, yield strength and Young’s modulus of the orthodontic wi...

In connection with future utilization of magnetite titanium ores deposited in Poland in the region of Suwałki the test were performed to get information regarding the influence of titan and vanadium admixtures on the quality of pig iron and the run of blast furnace process. As a blast furnace charge, there were used magnetite titanium concentrates similar to the ores deposited in the Suwałki re...

:the aim of this work is to investigate the influence of sodium oxide on properties of fresh and hardened paste of alkali-activated blast furnace slag from isfahan steel plant. the silica modulus (sio2/na2o) of activator was adjusted at 0.6 and a number of mixes were designed in such a way to contain different levels of sodium oxide including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6% by weight of dry slag. the mos...

A recently developed model was used to study the CO/CO2 ratio inside a burning pulverized coal particle, to better understand the effect of bulk gas composition on the equilibrium partial pressure of reduced metal species at the surface of ash inclusions. The motivation was to improve the ability to model submicrometer particle formation by ash vaporization, as a function of furnace conditions....

Effects of rapid heat transfer using a fluidized bed on the heat-treating response of Al-Si-Mg alloys (both unmodified and Sr modified) were investigated. The heating rate in the fluidized bed is greater than in conventional air convective furnaces. Particle size analyses of eutectic Si showed that the high heating rate during fluidized bed solution heat treatment causes faster fragmentation an...

By analyzing of the tube-type heating furnace features and process, the temperature heating of the furnace was unidirectional, large inertia, heavy lag and changeable, it is hard to build an exact mathematical model confirmed parameters. Applying traditional control theory and method is difficult to achieve perfect control effect. We studied the application of the fuzzy control in tubular furna...

The crystallization behavior of polycrystalline silicon (Si) and germanium-silicon alloys (GexSil-x) from Sill4 and GeH4, where x is in the range of 0-0.32, has been investigated for thin film transistor (TFT) applications. Furnace anneals as well as rapid thermal anneal (RTA) and combinations of these two techniques have been used to crystallize amorphously deposited thin ( _< 100 nm) films. T...