Optimization using finite element analysis and the adjoint variable method to solve engineering problems appears in various application areas. However, best of authors’ knowledge, there is a lack detailed explanation on implementation context electromagnetic modeling. This paper aimed provide simplest possible general framework. Then, an extended offered electromagnetism. A discrete design meth...

this paper is concerned with the economic valuation of the coral reef within kish island in persian gulf of iran. for calculating this value, all components of use and non-use values are estimated and then according to each of them, suitable method has applied. many different evaluation tools such as contingent valuation method, zonal travel cost method, replacement cost, avoided cost method, ...

An equivalence is shown between functional dependency statements of a relational database, where “+” has the meaning of “determines,” and implicational statements of propositional logic, where “.$” has the meaning of “implies.” Specifically, it is shown that a dependency statement is a consequence of a set of dependency statements iff the corresponding implicational statement is a consequence o...

In many engineering and scientific applications, prediction variables are grouped, for example, in biological applications where assayed genes or proteins can be grouped by biological roles or biological pathways. Common statistical analysis methods such as ANOVA, factor analysis, and functional modeling with basis sets also exhibit natural variable groupings. Existing successful group variable...