choline oxidase (chox) was chosen as a model enzyme for evaluating the performance of cnts’ functional groups for development of enzyme electrodes. cnts were functionalized with carboxylic acid, amine or amide groups. carboxylic acid, amine and amide functionalized cnts were obtained by acid treatment, ethylenediamine or tetraethylenepentamine chemically modification and ammonia plasma treatmen...

It has recently been claimed that the functional response of predators depends on the numbers of prey and predators only via their ratio. Contrary to this claim, I argue that such "ratio-dependent" functional responses are very unlikely to occur on theoretical grounds and have not been shown empirically. Previous justifications for ratio-dependent functional responses ignore the role of these r...

The dynamic relationship between the predator and the prey has long been and will continue to be one of the dominant themes in population dynamics due to its universal existence and importance in nature 1 . In order to precisely describe the real ecological interactions between species such asmite and spidermite, lynx and hare, and sparrow and sparrow hawk, described by Tanner 2 and Wollkind et...

In this paper, by utilizing the coincidence degree theorem a predator-prey model with modified Leslie-Gower Hollingtype II schemes and a deviating argument is studied. Some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of positive periodic solutions of the model. Keywords— Predator-prey model, Holling II type functional response, Positive periodic solution, Coincidence degree theorem

Status of this Memo This memo describes an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. It does not specify an Internet Standard. Distribution is unlimited. Abstract This memo specifies T/TCP, an experimental TCP extension for efficient transaction-oriented (request/response) service. This backwards-compatible extension could fill t...

1 Classifying species by shared functional characteristics is important if common functional response groups are to be identified among different taxa. 2 We investigated plant traits that determine the response of forest plant species to land use changes using literature data. Sources from eight European countries and four North-eastern American states, comprising 20 field studies yielded infor...

We investigated the functional response of the least weasel (Mustela ni6alis ni6alis) in a series of experiments conducted in large outdoor enclosures (0.5 ha). Radiocollared Microtus voles were released in the enclosures at different densities (4, 8, 16 and 100/ha) three days before the release of a radiocollared weasel. During the three-day experiment every vole killed was replaced with anoth...

A delayed periodic n-species simple food-chain system with Holling type-II functional response is investigated. By means of Gaines and Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals, sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and global attractivity of positive periodic solutions of the system.